Suchomimus Dinosaur Facts and Figures

Name: Suchomimus (Greek for crocodile mimic); pronounced SOO-ko-MIME-us Habitat: Lakes and rivers of Africa Historical Period: Middle Cretaceous (120-10 million years ago) Size and Weight: Up to 40 feet long and six tons Diet: Fish and meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Long, crocodilian snout with backward-pointing teeth; long arms; ridge on back About Suchomimus A relatively recent addition to the dinosaur bestiary, the first (and to date only) fossil of Suchomimus was discovered in Africa in 1997, by a team headed by the noteworthy American paleontologist Paul Sereno. Its name, crocodile mimic, refers to this dinosaurs long, toothy, distinctly crocodilian snout, which it probably used to snap fish out of the rivers and streams of the then-lush northern Sahara region of Africa (the Sahara didnt become dry and dusty until a sudden shift in climate 5,000 years ago). The relatively long arms of Suchomimus, which it likely dipped into the water to spear passing fish, are another clue that this dinosaur subsisted on a mostly marine diet, perhaps supplemented by scavenging abandoned carcasses. Classified as a spinosaur, Suchomimus was similar to a few other large theropods of the middle Cretaceous period, including (you guessed it) the gigantic Spinosaurus, probably the largest carnivorous dinosaur that ever lived, as well as slightly smaller meat-eaters like Carcharodontosaurus, the amusingly named Irritator, and its closest relative, the western European Baryonyx. (The distribution of these large theropods across what is now modern-day Africa, South America, and Eurasia lends additional evidence to the theory of continental drift; tens of millions of years ago, before they broke apart, these continents were joined together in the giant landmass of Pangaea.) Tantalizingly, recent evidence that has adduced Spinosaurus as a swimming dinosaur may apply to these other spinosaurs as well, in which case Suchomimus may have competed for prey with marine reptiles rather than its fellow theropods. Because only a single, possibly juvenile fossil of Suchomimus has been identified, its not clear what size this dinosaur actually attained as a full-grown adult. Some paleontologists believe that adult Suchomimus may have reached lengths of over 40 feet and weights of over six tons, putting them just slightly below the class of Tyrannosaurus Rex (which lived tens of millions of years later, in North America) and the even bigger Spinosaurus. Its ironic, in retrospect, that such a huge meat-eater subsisted on relatively small fish and marine reptiles, rather than the plus-sized hadrosaurs and sauropods that surely must have inhabited its northern African territory (though, of course, this dinosaur wouldnt have turned up its elongated nose at any duckbill that happened to stumble into the water!)

Facebook and Social Relationships - 781 Words

There’s a lot to be said for social networking, both good and bad. It began as a way for people to meet and socialize via the Internet; now it’s also being used for advertising, education, and entertainment.1 Social networking allows people from all over the world to meet people and interact with them. People can find peers who share their interests or offer support and encouragement. Unfortunately, social networking has given people the opportunity to cyberbully, cyberstalk, and to engage in other inappropriate and potentially illegal behaviors. In terms of relationships, online affairs and cheating are common and can lead to divorce. Research has also shown that when partners are both using social networking at the same time, it can lead to a â€Å"lack of engagement† which can also lead to divorce.2 Despite these negative changes to the ways in which people relate, social networking – in particular Facebook – has brought about some positive chang es in the ways in which people related to one another. One way that Facebook has caused positive changes in the ways that people relate to one another is that it has increased social connectedness. Social connectedness is defined as â€Å"the depth and breadth of interpersonal relationships an individual entertains with other people.†3 Positive interpersonal connectedness is very important to psychological health and well-being.4 Facebook’s many features provide many ways to create connections. Those features also allow users to enhanceShow MoreRelatedFacebook s Influence On Social Networking1529 Words   |  7 PagesAn obvious slogan on the homepage to the popular social networking website Facebook is the phrase â€Å"Connect with friends and the world you on Facebook† (Facebook n.p). The idea of needing social networking sites to â€Å"connect† with everyone else one knows or may meet has become embedded in American culture throughout recent years, esp ecially among the teenage population. Facebook is easily the most popular sites, to the point where it would be considered unusual for someone attending high school toRead MoreEffects Of Social Networking Sites On Relationships1528 Words   |  7 Pages Effects of Social Networking Sites on Relationships Several studies have found that using social networking sites excessively, including partner surveillance and monitoring, posting ambiguous information, and compulsive internet use, can be detrimental to romantic relationships (Ridgway Clayton, 2016). Social networking sites such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, negatively influence our relationships. It is important to know the common conflicts and how to avoid them. It is alsoRead MoreRelationship Between Facebook And Facebook1475 Words   |  6 PagesFacebook, a well-known social networking site, has been known to interfere negatively in romantic relationships. Facebook has an option to list one’s relationship as: Single, Widowed, Divorced, Married, or In a Relationship. Posting a relationship status’ on Facebook may be considered a modern day causality, however, even when a relationship status is listed, there are still spouses or partners that will remain to seek others as a â€Å"one-night stand† or â€Å"lover† through Facebook. Relationships can beRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Relationships1698 Words   |  7 PagesRelationships, both romantic and personal mean many things across different cultures, age and even gender. For this assignment I would like to examine the extent social media has on relationships. Nowadays people are finding their significant other, as well as forming close friendships with others online. â€Å"In particular, we now live in an era in which much of our social interaction is not of the face to face variety but rather takes place via text, instant message, Internet chat room, Facebook, Twitter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Read MoreIs Facebook Making Us Lonely?1499 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media has connected us in unimaginable ways, and introduced us to a world much larger than our humble backyards. Nowadays, nearly everyone has a Facebook, an Instagram, or a Twitter account. Grandparents, teenagers, children, and even some pets are a part of on e social network or another. While websites like Facebook are great for sharing pictures, stories, and interests, but they are also capable of raising awareness about important issues that may have been overlooked. Recently, the overuseRead MoreThe Effects of Facebook Communication on Social Penetration Theory1456 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Effects of Facebook Communication on Social Penetration Theory This paper examines a possible study to measure how CMC -- specifically Facebook communication -- is changing and evolving social penetration theory (Altman Taylor, 1973). More specifically, the surveys are designed to determine if self-disclosure is happening more quickly in Facebook relationships. Altman and Taylor examine the stages of self-disclosure in social penetration theory and this study will determine ifRead MoreIs Facebook Making Us Lonely?1522 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has connected us in ways we never imagined, and also introduced us to a world much larger than our humble backyards. Nowadays, nearly everyone has a Facebook, an Instagram, or a Twitter account. Grandparents, teenagers, children, and even some pets are a part of one social network or another. Websites like Facebook are great for sharing pictures, stories, and interests, but they are also capable of raising awareness about important issues that may have been overlooked before. RecentlyRead MoreHow Does Social Media Affect Our Romantic Relationships?1740 Words   |  7 Pagesfrequent in today’s society to utilize social media to connect and stay in touch with others. In fact, one could say that social media has become an everyday part of our lives. More than 800 million individuals use Facebook daily (Fox Anderegg, 2014). It is therefore of great significance, that one gives awareness to how the frequency of social media usage can affect our romantic relationships. This study consists of analyzing the amount of time one spends on Facebook and if the amount of time has anRead MoreFacebook Is A Well Known Means Of Communication Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, Facebook is a well-known means of communication in the world. With the fast-pace of technology development, there are many people joining Facebook to share and exchange their information daily with people who may live halfway around the world. Little by little, Facebook has slowly been an essential part in this society. It is becoming the norm that many young people can spend an entire day glued to their phones or computers. As attracting millions of users around the world, Facebook seems toRead MoreThe Digital Era: The Development of Science and Technology Essay1307 Words   |  6 Pagesmobile phones. However, everything has two aspects. Digital era makes a big influence for peoples communication. They talk to each other less, and make friends online. They have alienated the relationship in the real life. It is obvious that the digital age has advantages and disadvantages in peoples relationships. According to Born Digital: Understanding the First Generation of Digital Natives, John Palfrey and Urs Gasser explain that All of them are digital natives. They were all born after

Crime and deviance Essay Example For Students

Crime and deviance Essay Nothing does more to tear our families apart than violent crime, guns, gangs, drugs, and the fear that walks alongside those terrors. Violent crime and victim rights have become a major concern for most citizens in the United States of America. Statistics indicate a decline in violent crimes in our country and an increase in our national prison population. Released prisoners commit most violent crimes. Gun control legislation, reform programs, victim rights awareness, and other programs are abundant in our country, but do little to alleviate violent crime. In this paper I will try to present the liberal and conservative views on this issue as well as my own views. Violent crime is a complex problem and can only be responded to in complex ways. Quick fix solutions to the problem are likely to be misguided. There was a decline in crime during the 1990s. Our country enjoyed seven years of declining crime for the period 1991-98, the most recent data available. During this period crime de clined by 22% and violent crime by 25%. These are welcome developments, particularly following the surge of crime and violence of the late 1980s. This decline occurred during a time when the national prison population has increased substantially, rising from 789,60 in 1991 to 1,252,830, a 59% rise in just seven years and a 47% increase in the rate of incarceration, taking into account changes in the national population. Many observers have drawn a simple correlation between these two trends. Putting more offenders in prison caused the reduction in crime. The Sentencing project has just completed a study that examines this issue in great detail and concludes that any such correlation is ambiguous at best. In examining the relationship between incarceration and crime in the 1990s the picture is complicated by the seven year period just prior to this, 1984-91. In this period, incarceration also rose substantially, at a rate of 65%. Yet crime rates increased during this time as well, by 17% nationally. Thus we see a continuous rise in incarceration for fourteen years, during which crime rose for seven years, then declined for seven years. This does not suggest that incarceration had no impact on crime, but any such connection is clearly influenced by other factors. A comparison with other nations is instructive in this regard. The United States incarcerates its citizens at a greater rate than any other nation and at a rate 5-8 times that of most other industrialized nations. This differential is in part due to a higher rate of violent crime in the U.S. and in part to more severe criminal justice policies. The reasons why other industrialized nations have less violent crime than in the U.S. is clearly not because they lock up more offenders and thereby reduce crime. We could debate the various factors that contribute to our high level of violence but a failure to incarcerate is clearly not one of them. In order to analyze the decline in crime in the 1990s in greater detail the project team examined the relationship between imprisonment and crime at the state level from 1991 to 1998. The reason for doing so is that national trends often obscure substantial variations among the states in the degree to which imprisonment is utilized as a response to crime. During the seven year period, for example, Texas led the nation with a 144% rise in its rate of incarceration. Maine increased its prison population by just 2%. The national average increase in the rate of incarceration was 47%. The statistics are significant and they are gratifying. Violent crimes may be at their lowest levels in a generation, but even a single crime is one too many. Even if statistics indicate a decline in violent crime, citizens are still concerned about becoming a victim of a crime. Our children cannot reach for their dreams if they are ducking for cover. We cannot restore a sense of community and decency if people are afraid to walk in any neighborhood, if they feel they have lost the public spaces that are rightfully theirs. A parent struggles to pass on the right values in a culture that practically screams out that chaos and cruelty are cool. A good parent is undermined in trying to teach the great, simple lessons of right and wrong, of the rule of law and responsibility, when a burdened justice system lets criminals off too easy. The liberals have fought for ages to instill a sense of security and safety to our nation. They are in favor of enforcing tougher penalties against drug and sex offenders. Liberals are pushing hard to create more gun laws that are written for families, not for gun lobbyists and their apologists. They are working on raising the age for handgun possession from 18 to 21 and to pass strict background checks for those who buy guns at gun shows. Liberals are in favor of enacting stiff, new penalties for adults who sell guns to minors and to require child-safety locks on guns. Liberals believe we need tougher penalties for gun trafficking and all crimes committed with guns. The Brady Law is one of many laws that the democrats have passed. Since the Brady waiting period law was passed, gun crimes have dropped by 38 percent. The liberals feel that the Brady Law has stopped nearly a quarter of a million felons and fugitives from buying guns and saved countless lives. The liberals have endorsed a constitutional amendment to expand the rights of cr ime victims. The amendment would grant victims their families the right to reasonable notice of court proceedings involving their cases, the right to have a voice in those proceedings, and the right to notice of an offenders release from prison. Conservatives assert that those rights can be ensured without an amendment, and that the measure would violate the civil rights of the accused. .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 , .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .postImageUrl , .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 , .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:hover , .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:visited , .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:active { border:0!important; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:active , .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9 .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u67a05de32848b959580318bea471d5e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alice In Wonderland EssayThe Liberals and Conservatives have many different views regarding guns. However, both parties do agree on some gun issues. They are both in favor of supporting the current ban on assault weapons, prohibiting juveniles from possessing assault weapons and banning imports of high capacity ammunition clips. Both parties are also in favor of raising the minimum age for possessing a handgun from age eighteen to twenty one. The Conservatives are strongly opposed to government-mandated registration of guns owned by people who do not break the laws. Conservatives feel their safety and power to protect their families are in jeopardy if the government enforces gun prohibition. They strongly support the Second Amendment, the right of the people to keep and bare arms. They feel that the Liberals and their federal agencies have declared a civil war on law abiding firearm owners. They declare that what the Democrats label as the Gun Culture only targets peaceable gun owners. It is a naked attempt to strip the next generation of the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. To conservatives Gun Culture means our history, our heritage, our future and our freedom. Marion Hammer, 1998 President of the NRA made the following statement about the Liberals definition of gun culture. It is just another contrived, divisive, polarizing term. It is an attempt to cast law abiding gun owners in a negative light. They want t o portray guns and gun ownership as sinister and evil. The conservatives defend their gun rights and often argue that gun prohibition will not eliminate violent crime. The war against guns was sparked by the terrible murders of school children in Jonesboro, Arkansas and the Columbine High School Shooting. Conservatives conclude that nothing the government could ever propose would have prevented these twisted youths from obtaining the firearms, stealing a vehicle, stealing ammunition and stealing the lives and futures from their classmates and families. Every action they took violated an existing law. No man made law could have prevented this awful violent crime. Conservatives do support many laws that can decrease violent crimes. They have voted for increased penalties for repeat domestic violence offenders and those who violate protective orders. The support victim rights by requiring law enforcement officials to notify victims of violence upon the offenders release from custody. T he want more police officer protection. They support legislation in making it a felony to assault police officers and other public servants. They voted for the two strikes and youre out law for sex offenders. The law removes the two priors provision and requires automatic life upon a second sex-related offense. They support the abolishment of mandatory release of inmates and increased parolee supervision. Conservatives feel state and local authorities are largely responsible for combating violent crime. They believe the federal governments role in criminal justice is primarily international and multi-jurisdictional including tough policies against organized crime, drug cartels, and international terrorism. In addition to this, they believe the Federal government can do more to improve our criminal justice system. Conservatives are advocates for providing comprehensive juvenile justice reform, tougher sex offender laws, longer sentences for violent repeat offenders, and zero toleranc e for drunk driving. I believe that the best way to protect the innocent is to fully enforce the law and to ensure swift and sure punishment for criminals. Governments most basic duty is to ensure law and order and keep citizens safe from crime. I strongly support the second amendment. I think it should be every citizens right to own a gun for hunting or protection provided that they have a license and are educated about gun safety. I am in favor of laws that keep guns out of the hands of criminals and away from children. I support increasing the number of community police on our streets, and give them the high-tech tools and the training they need to keep crime down. I am for strengthening the laws against serious criminals. I am strongly for victim rights. I support the Megans Law requiring that people should be told if a sex offender lives in their area. Words/ Pages : 1,674 / 24

Tom Sawyer Theme Essay Example

Tom Sawyer Theme Essay Have you ever looked at someone and made a judgment before getting to know them? Have you ever been judged yourself? Mark Twain shows the theme; don’t judge a book by its cover, throughout the novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Huckleberry Finn is Tom’s best friend and Tom is Huck’s only friend. He is rejected by society because his family background. Muff Potter is judged as a drunk and violent man, but in reality he is a kind man who could use some help. Tom Sawyer is judged as a troublemaker. He lives with his Aunt Polly. He is a troublemaker at times but at heart he is kind. Huckleberry Finn is a child who is poor and has no where to go. He is shunned by the town because of his family background. He just goes with the flow. He decided that since the town shunned him he would do whatever he wants to do. Huck doesn’t have many friends. Tom is his only friend. At the end Huck is accepted by the village as a hero. Muff Potter is a business partner of Injun Joe. He was working with Injun Joe at the murder scene. He witnessed the murder of Dr. Robinson. We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Sawyer Theme specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Sawyer Theme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tom Sawyer Theme specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In a way he had a big part in it. Muff Potter has a well known record as a drunk and sometimes violent man. Because of this he is blamed for murdering Dr. Robinson. Muff Potter needs a therapist. Tom Sawyer is known as a rebel and mischievous boy. He is always doing what people tell him not to do. He has a wild imagination which gets him into trouble. He is like a sly fox. He always tricks people and does it with ease. He tricks Ben into whitewashing a fence in trade for bens apple. Then he tricks more kids into whitewashing it. His little brother, Sid, loves to rat out Tom. Tom went swimming when he was told not to and Sid spots a discolored thread on his collar then tells Aunt Polly. In the end Tom is seen as a hero as well as Huck. They both played a big role in catching a murderer. Tom, Huck and Muff Potter are all judged as something they are not. Well for the most part they aren’t. They are judged from a few occasions. This is not what Jesus would do. God doesn’t want us to judge someone on how they look or what their family background is. You can’t judge someone until you truly know them. Think about how you feel when you’re judged. Not good, huh. Think about that feeling before you judge someone.

The Evolution of Odysseus Essay Example

The Evolution of Odysseus Paper Odysseus first encounter with the nymph, Circe, tests his unfaithfulness as a husband. Odysseus, still early in his Journey, knows as he enters her cave that he will have to sleep with the crafty witch in order to defeat her. When he enters Circles bedroom he shows no guilt for what he is doing, but actually an eagerness to be with the nymph. -and when shed finished, then, at last, I mounted Circles gorgeous bed (10:85-86). Odysseus willingness to sleep with the nymph shows an immaturity of a young and eager man who enjoys his power and uses It for his own physical pleasure. As Odysseus continues on his Journey home, he next encounters the split of his mother. When he realizes she is dead, Odysseus Is filled with guilt and realizes how long he has been gone from the people of his homeland. My mother, dead and gone knows] whom I had left alive when I sailed for scared Trot'(11 :94-96). This realization is a turning point where Odysseus begins to think of others and not solely himself or his own personal gain. Next, Odysseus has to physically overcome two treacherous monsters, both of which are women, in order to get to in the island of Thracian. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Odysseus specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Odysseus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Odysseus specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Through these endeavors Odysseus must prove himself as a leader to his fearful men as they try to combat both Scylla and Charladies. For a brief moment Odysseus regresses to his former selfish ways and Ignores the advice of Circe. But now I cleared my mind of Circles orders-cramping my style, urging my not to arm at 2:45-46). This short return to Odysseus former self proves fatal to the lives of his crew members, whom he watches die before his eyes. Of all the pitiful things Ive had to witness]this wretched my heart the 2:280-282). This event proves to be important for Odysseus because he realizes that his own selfish pride causes him to make the wrong decision and sacrifices the lives of his men. As his long Journey continues, Odysseus meets the Goddess Calypso, who forces him to stay on her island. Although he does continually sleep with the Goddess, Odysseus intentions are quite different than they were with Circe. He is forced to be with Calypso because she is taking care of him, but Odysseus has no desire to stay on the island. In the nights, true, hed sleep with her In the arching cave-he had no hat he owes his life to Calypso, but he never forgets his wife, Penelope, or his homeland. He turns down the opportunity to become a God and live forever with the beautiful Goddess and continually longs to be home with his wife. Look at my wise Penelope. Seen Tall Tar snort AT you, you, your Duty, stature . Seen Is mortal rater al and you, you never age or died Nevertheless I long-I pine, all my days-to travel home and see the dawn of my return(5:239-243). This longing for home and his wife is a major landmark in Odysseus life. He knowledgeably refuses Calypso offer, knowing that his true place and duty is at home. After leaving Calypsos island, Odysseus travels to the land of the Physicians where he meets the princess Unmusical. In this encounter, the king of Physician offers Odysseus his daughter as a bride. Ahoy could wed my daughter and be my son-in- law and stay right here with us. Id give you a house and great Although Odysseus has this opportunity to marry the young and beautiful Unmusical, he does not even hesitate in his decision to leave immediately and head for home. This shows how Odysseus has grown throughout his Journey and is no longer tempted by superficial things. When Odysseus finally reaches his homeland, he comes in contact with one of the most important women in his life, the Goddess Athena, who has been his guide throughout his long Journey. She respects Odysseus for his intelligence and his wits. Here among mortal men youre far the best at tactics, spinning yarns, and I am famous among the gods for wisdom, cunning wiles, During his adventures, Athena tests Odysseus abilities as a warrior and as a husband, giving IM help as well as obstacles to prepare for his homecoming at Troy. Through these trials Athena makes it her goal to help Odysseus mature and grow to realize that his true place is at home with his faithful wife. His final and most important encounter is with his wife Penelope, who has served as a beacon of hope for Odysseus. Throughout his Journey, the thought of her is enough to send Odysseus home even when better offers from Goddesses, nymphs, and beautiful princesses try to hold him back. True enough, Calypso the lustrous dodoes tried to hold me back, deep in her arching caverns, craving me for a husband. So did Circe, holding me Just as warmly in her halls, the bewitching queen of EAI keen to have me too. But they never won the heart inside me, never. So nothing is as sweet as a mans own country, his own parents, even though hes settled down in some luxurious house, off in a foreign land and far from those who bore him(9:33-41). By the end of his Journey, Odysseus recognizes the importance of love through Penelope long and continuous devotion, and realizes that his feelings awards the other women in the past were only physical attractions. Odysseus overcomes the confrontations with many women throughout his adventures and returns home to Ithaca a changed man. These physical and mental victories against beasts as well as goddesses force Odysseus to grow and mature from the time he leaves for Troy to the time he reaches his home at Ithaca. His odyssey as much an inward Journey as it is a physical one. The challenges he faces, often represented by women, serve as steps in this long process towards greater maturity and self- understanding.

Robinson Crouse essays

Robinson Crouse essays Robinson Crusoe, is a novel made by Daniel Defoe. The history in the novel is related to the economy, and thats what Im talking about. Robinson Cruso was to stop in a desert island later that the ship where it travelled was shipwrecked. Without blinking, Cruso decided its priorities: first, to construct a shelter where it could prevent the cold and the wild beasts; later, to fish and spoon fruits to feed itself. Already installed, and with the guaranteed survival, it could invest: it improved the conditions of the improvised house, constructed equipment to fish more efficiently and took some measures to protect itself against other inhabitants of the island who were perhaps little friendly. The principal characteristics of his life In 1702 Defoe wrote his famous pamphlet THE SHORTEST-WAY WITH THE DISSENTERS. Himself a Dissenter he mimicked the bloodthirsty rhetoric of High Anglican Tories and pretended to argue for the extermination of all Dissenters. Nobody was amused, Defoe was arrested in May 1703, but released in return for services as a pamphleteer and intelligence agent to Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford, and the Tories. While in prison Defoe wrote a mock ode, HYMN TO THE PILLORY (1703). The poem was sold in the streets, the audience drank to his health while he stood in the pillory and read aloud his verses. Analyze the theory and its application This is a very crude economic concept, built on the belief that as mankind first developed all material needs were met from the surrounding environment. The logic is quite simply you sleep, drink and eat using what is around you. This is the focus of the deeply attractive romance of Daniel Defoe (1660-1731), "the Life and Strangers and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Cruso of York, Sailor", writing in 1719. The fantastic ability of Cruso represents th ...

BUSINESS LAW College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS LAW College - Case Study Example If this indeed is the actual reason for Pat's removal, the company could have instead asked Pat to be more circumspective on his observations since they could hurt the company's interests and leave the matter thereat. The company's action is ill-advised and it is putting itself in a difficult position. If Pat decides to file a suit against the firm, there will be consequences which may not be in the company's favor. The company is big and fair enough and this must have been the reason for Pat to quit his earlier job and travel 300 miles for the new job. His spouse has also sacrificed her job in order to accommodate Pat's new arrangement. Pat's three months at Newcorp is a learning period and the lack of information on any clear reason for his discharge is a pointer to the fact that some reason other than deficiency at the workplace is responsible for the company's decision. Be that as it may, the company has enough powers to terminate Pat's services. However, the reason that they are quoting for their action is nave and the severance pay they are handing him is grossly inadequate. It would have been better had Newcorp waited for more time till they are capable of analyzing Pat's performance in proper light. By resorting to a knee-jerk action they are only making their position untenable in legal standards. In case Pat does not sign a release of claims and files a suit for higher compensation, the company will have a difficult time in disproving the suit (Severance Pay). Legal Encounter 2 What liability, if any, does Newcorp have in this situation What can and cannot Newcorp do In your answer, identify what legal principles (statutory or case law) support your belief. The liability that Newcorp has in this situation is that it can find itself involved in a case of sexual harassment. Newcorp can heed Sam's argument that the chemicals used in wire coatings could harm an early-state fetus being carried by a newly-pregnant woman. However, there is no information that Paula is pregnant or is likely to be in the near future although she is dating someone. Paula may choose not to be pregnant for a couple of years. Newcorp can still heed Sam's argument and decline Paula's application for transfer to the wire-coating section. They are acting in good faith although they do not know the underlying reason for the transfer. In case they knew the true reason, they would be bound to act differently. If Paula decides to file a suit of sexual harassment, the company will find it difficult to disprove the suit. Even if they do not respond positively to her application for transfer, they will have the embarrassing case of sexual harassment facing them. In such eventuality, they not only will be forced to part with substantial amount of money as compensation but also take disciplinary measures against Sam. This is as good as an open-and-shut case. Paula is trying to get away from a difficult situation by

Organisational Changes in Kraft-Cadbury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisational Changes in Kraft-Cadbury - Essay Example According to 2009 reports the company had manufacturing facilities throughout the world, the key locations being Africa, Australia, India and Japan (Cadbury-website-d, n.d.). Another significant confectionery organization that has stamped a mark in the history of the food industry is Illinois based Kraft Foods, Inc. (Kraft), that has â€Å"come a long way since J. L. Kraft started selling cheese from a horse-drawn wagon in 1903† (Kraft Foods Inc.-website-a, n.d.). The company had a portfolio of nine major brands, and it claimed that â€Å"Whether watching your weight or preparing to celebrate, grabbing a quick bite or sitting down to family night, we pour our hearts into creating foods that are wholesome and delicious† (Kraft Foods Inc.-website-b, n.d.). Kraft ranks globally second among food companies and talking about its acquisition of Cadbury it says that â€Å"The combination of Kraft Foods and Cadbury creates a global powerhouse in snacks, confectionery, and quic k meals† (Kraft Foods Inc.-website-c, n.d.). The acquisition of Cadbury by Kraft has given rise to a significant amount of tension among different quarters that range from the management to the union. According to the reports by Clinton Manning and Cecilia Felice, â€Å"Felicity Loudon begged shareholders to reject the 850p a share takeover offer and urged them to keep the 186-year-old company British in memory of her ancestor John Cadbury† (Manning & DFelice, 2010). Further, commenting on the said deal, the legendary investor Warren Buffet, who is also the chairman of Berkshire Hathaway, Inc. – the biggest shareholder of Kraft, has said that â€Å"I think it’s a bad deal, I have a lot of doubts† (Frye, McGee & Schectman, 2010).

Literature 2.4.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literature 2.4.1 - Essay Example Because of this she was not able to make lasting friendships. She turned to reading books and writing poetry as a defence against her loneliness. In the tenth grade, she was encouraged by her teacher to join the school’s literary magazine and she eventually became its editor. After high school, she went to Loyola University in Chicago where she studied English. In 1974, she realized her passion to write about her experiences as a Mexican-American after attending a creative writing class titled "Ghost Voices: Writing from Obsession†. After graduating from college, she was again encouraged by a professor to enrol at the Iowa Writer's Workshop which is a greatly esteemed graduate school for aspiring writers. This workshop marked a turning point in Cisneros writing career. Her first published work was published in 1980 entitled Bad Boys. Her other work includes: The House on Mango Street (1984), My Wicked, Wicked Ways (1987), Hairs = Pelitos (1994), Loose Woman: Poems (1994) , Caramelo or Puro cuento (2002) and Vintage Cisneros (2004). Cisneros is known to write about the Chicana identity, the challenges of being a cultural hybrid and experiencing poverty. I hope to see the distinct characteristics of her Mexican-American heritage in the characters in â€Å"Woman Hollering Creek†.

Models of Teacher and Student Centred Learning

Models of Teacher and Student Centred Learning In this part of the essay, I will examine reasons for the shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning and arguments to why models based approaches are considered more effective than traditional approaches, reflecting on the education value of Siedentops (1994) sport education model. Modern education is shifting from being teacher-led to being more student-centered. Traditional approaches in Physical education (PE) originally follows a sequence which begins with direct teaching of skill in isolation via teachers. This advances into drills to practice skills learned and then executed via games to apply the skills. Direct instruction and teacher-led lessons are criticised regarding the effectiveness of this model. Placek (1983) declares physical education was traditionally marginalized and administrators cared little about the content learned by students in PE, as long as classes were under control. He/she also found the primary focus of PE lessons were to teach students the skills necessary to play sport and perform the activity. Poynton (1986) states PE classes traditionally have been centralized on the psychomotor aspect of learning showing how cognitive, and socio-affective growth was not encouraged. The traditional approach is regarded unproductive/ineffective for learning; It utilizes a One-size-fits-all approach, opposing that individuals learn uniquely and produce different attitudes/behaviour patterns. Lessons using the traditional approaches are Not modified to suit developmental needs of learners and are Limited in capacity to meet diverse needs/goals. Students neglected by this approach are those with learning difficulties and unable to cope with how lessons are delivered. Students above average may consequently be disadvantaged due to unchallenging tasks. Disadvantages occur from command and practice styles of teaching, as only a single method for performing skills is illustrated, with one conceivable response accepted in return: This is ideally catered to the average student. Evidence however opposes views exaggerating the ineffectiveness of traditional approaches as theyve been effective in education for thousands of years. An advantage of this approach is students learn the appropriate content needed, to excel in the real worl d. Teachers also enforce traditional approaches when teaching as theyve encountered it in their experiences as pupils, in order to uphold the traditional approach legacy. Teachers also experience positive feelings for this approach due to previous success performing skills themselves, therefore, they understand the need to develop skills, as a focus of this approach in PE. (Capel, Piotrowsk, 2000). From calls for more models based approaches, Casey (2014) suggested that teachers are concerned that making changes to their pedagogies and curricula will only serve to break something that already works relating to how successful traditional approaches have been. Kirk (2009) examines the conditions for radical reform and introduces three potential physical education futures: More of the Same, Radical Reform and Extinction. Kirk argues more of the same is the most likely short-term future and extinction will occur if radical reform is not incorporated. Radical reform is the most likely long-term future, which advocates for a models-based approach to be put incorporated. Predominately, traditional approaches used to teach PE were direct and teacher centered in the past. However, the prevalence of model based approaches emphasizes a more indirect/student-centered approach, which has caused a shift in teaching. models-based practice is concerned with ensuring teachers and coaches have a comprehensive and coherent plan for teaching/coaching and learning (ODonovan, 2011 p.326).To overcome limitations of the traditional approach , a models -based approach has been advocated; this model proposes practicable resolutions to problems by limiting the range of learning outcomes, subject matter and teaching strategies appropriate to each pedagogical model and thus the arguments that can be used for educational value.( Kirk (2013). Physical education (PE) journals over the years have found models within this approach have proved to be effective in terms of meeting the students individual needs/differences. The models involve students in the decision-making process, which unlike the traditional approach, allows psychomotor, cognitive, and socio-affective growth. Students can exercise different ways to perform skills before they are perfect unlike traditional approaches where teachers directly introduce how skills are performed. Models based approaches proved a more effective way of teaching to understand the effectiveness and advantages of performing different moves in games. Furthermore, Models based practice prepare students with the proper utensils to incorporate the skills learned into other movements in different situations. Advantages of student-centered approaches outweigh the duration taken to apply models effectively, but certain concerns have emerged about using models based approaches. Teachers learning to implement models based approaches have found its a tedious process. However, advantages of models based approaches are justified, regardless of the time spent developing lessons. Techniques used in the models are difficult for teachers to interpret without putting exertion. Significant practice is required for teachers to effectively use models based approaches. Are models based practice a great white hope or a great white elephant? Although when models based approaches were applied, changes in attitude, positive feelings, enthusiasm, vigour and efficacy occurred; the significant issue with advocating the models was teachers lacked experience, leading them to feel like beginners. For neophyte teachers, with little or no prior experience, support was needed for the theoretical move from direct instruction to models based practices. Some teachers found it challenging and intentionally returned to old teaching methods; Others found the change happened gradually. A two-year period was the point which teachers begun to feel comfortable in the changes. To conclude, reviewed papers suggested that practitioners need to see proof from other schools that show that MBP works. Siedentop (1982), suggested replacing physical education with Sport Education. Hasties (2003) states Sport Education(SE) is a response to three major concerns of traditional physical education: the lack of content, discriminatory and abusive practices, and boring and irrelevant content.. An authentic and enjoyable environment is created when SE is used, compared to past PE lessons.SE is a curriculum and instruction model which aims to deliver authentic sporting experiences in PE. An implication of SE is it cannot be fitted easily into a short unit, multi-activity program. Lund and Tannehill (2010) that one model was not capable of delivering the entire breadth and depth of learning required in the different national contexts in which physical education curricula operate. SE emphasises strategic play through three objectives: helping students develop into competent, literate, and enthusiastic sportspeople. Competent sportspeople develop skills and strategies to participate successfull y in games. Literate sportspeople are knowledgeable regarding rules, traditions and values in sport and can distinguish good and bad sport practices. Enthusiastic sportspeople play and behave in ways that preserve, protect and enhance the sport culture (Kirk 2013). SE has six features: seasons, affiliation, formal competition, culminating events, record keeping, and festivity. In SE, units are seasons of 12 lessons or more which differs from multi-activity physical education where units are as short as four or six lessons.SE implements teaching strategies from traditional teacher-centred command styles, to more student-centred guided-discovery and problem-solving, depending on the specific context of the Sport Education season.SE allows for a greater depth of learning and better educational outcomes as students experience several roles in addition to player, such as umpire, coach, journalist, timekeeper, equipment officer and students remain in the same team for the course of the se ason. In conclusion, although models based approaches act as effective solutions to meeting students individual needs/differences and assisting teachers in developing their pedagogies in comparison to traditional approaches; Its important to note the learning process is complicated and were far from fathoming the effect of changing to models-based approaches. This essay will examine on how gender a social factor and other cultural factors such as race, ethnicity and religion intersect with gender to influence teaching/coaching practice. In physical education(PE), physical activity and youth sport, there is a focus on the pedagogies that teachers use to be effective. Teachers and coaches should recognise individuals needs , in order to implement the appropriate pedagogical encounters in sport in the form of programmes, lessons, sessions or activities(armour 2013)pg21.This focus is due to youth voices in physical education where young people tell their experiences of learning in physical education (McPhail 2011) ; This can provoke pedagogical changes. Characteristics such as gender, physical skill ability, (dis)ability, socioeconomic status and ethnicity may influence young peoples interaction, participation and performance in both physical education and sport. (Armour 2013pg 106); thus, teachers and coaches adapt their teaching practice accordingly. by implementing the three dimensions of pedagogy. According to Armour , these are: knowledge in context, learners and learning, and the teachers/teaching. Enacting this p edagogy, teaching/coaching practices can be structured to be inclusive when delivering programs/activities and teaching/coaching approaches (Armour Harris,2013) My focus here is how gender as a social factor might influence teaching/coaching practice; Gender equity in PE has been a focus of extensive research in teaching and coaching practices. Research shows females are asked questions less frequently than males in lessons, especially in maths and science which stereotypically favour males. (Fagot, 1981; Lundeberg, 1997). Males are also hindered due to stereotypes, as theyre penalised more ofter for behavioural issues than females. Stereotypical behaviours associated with females are preferred more in education, which consequently puts males at a disadvantage (Fagot 1981). Studies have demonstrated that physical education complies with this rule as theres a lack of equal treatment depending on gender. PE has been male dominated with notions where boys are perceived to have greater physical and social competence than females and where masculinity and femininity are separated, masculinity being encouraged more in sport. Masculine traits invol ve being strong, aggressive, muscular and powerful whereas Feminine traits involve bring soft, weak, passive, slim or expressive. consequently, students are refused equal opportunity to participate. When planning lessons, teachers should recognise female and male students dont experience PE equally and fairly. Female participation in PE tends to decrease during adolescence as girl will avoid being sweaty due to stereotypes such as girls dont sweat and therefore are afraid of judgement: Girls may feel uncomfortable in sports kit during puberty as their bodies may develop at different rates compared to other female peers. Perpetuation of masculinity with decrese female participation as girls should be slim, and not aggressive and muscular like boys. Gendered disengagement from PE is a concern regarding body image during adolescence. Gendered practice in PE is concerned with the type of activity where students participate differently based on gender. Activities traditionally associated with masculinity and femininity place expectations on females and males that may influence their opportunities for participation. (Valley2013). In general, in both gender groups, those who have high levels of competence also have high levels of physical activity. However,looking further into both groups, boys overall have greater beliefs regarding their physical abilities, and (are) more physically active than females. Boys generally prefer competitive sports or contact sports such as football or rugby whereas girls embody creative activities such dance and gymnastics. Thus, gendered teaching occurs when teachers engage in gendered practice. Some research has found male physical education teachers are, in general, particularly conservative when conducting lessons of dance or gymnastics to female students by showing levels of resist ance. Similarly, research found female PE teachers found delivering dance challenging due to conflict presented by the male students; Male teachers would have been more appropriate to teach boys these activities. Therefore, roles when teaching the national curriculum of PE are considered in terms of matching teachers to students based on gender when it comes to specific activities, and when planning lessons for both gender groups. The influence gender has on teaching/coaching practice can be both negative and positive. If a positive environment is created in PE, then gender should not inhibit learning. Remarkably, gender does not act independently thus its important to examine how gender intersects with other social and cultural factors such as religion, ethnicity, social class, which all predominantly interact on multiple and frequently simultaneous levels. Teachers and coaches therefore need to considers such factors into their practices (for inclusion). When gender intersects with these axes of identities, notably females are presumptively more likely to encounter multiple layers of inequity. For example, many religious requirements can impact on structures and practices in physical education. Islam emphasises modesty in dress codes for boys and girls, especially adolescents. Thus, a need for boys to cover from waist to knees and girls to cover hair, arms and legs. In teaching and coaching practice, teachers should plan inclusive lessons to meet these requirements, especially swimming where religious beliefs preclude participation rate of this group in PE. In coaching, more than teaching, Muslim girls and boys should be granted permission to wear leggings or tracksuit bottoms that cover the body more fully, which will enable them to take part, without neglecting religious requirements. Another aspect of Islam is Ramadan where students may choose to fast; this will influence teaching and coaching practice in regards to ensuring that physical activity continues, without compromising health and safety regulations. Less intense physical activity should take place during Ramadan and activities such as swimming which may compromise Ramadan should be considered; Muslim boys and girls may suffer anxiety from accidently swallowing water during swimming practices. Gender, race and ethnicity also intersect when it comes to participation. Patterns predominantly show: Black students Asian students White students Football, Boxing, Basketball, Athletics and Gym Cricket, Boxing and Gym Cheerleading, netball, football, Rugby League Golf, Hockey, Cricket, Tennis Gymnastics, Horse Riding, Swimming, Athletics, Gym Research suggests: gender and racial power relations are institutionalized in schools through sports social practices in PE classes. By encouraging students participation in specific physical activities and promoting gendered or racial physical activities (i.e., basket-ball, track and field, dance or football), boys learn to become white or black men and girls learn to become White or Black women. This may be due to stereotyping cultures with certain sports. For example: Black male students having a genetic advantage of playing basketball or running the 100 metres and Asian male students engagement in cricket; Because of this, teaching and coaching practices are affected as race and gender influence activity choice in sport. Overall, students may be racialized by parents, friends or teachers to take part in physical activities associated and stereotyped with their race and ethnicity. As a consequence, theres limited opportunities to engage in a range of sports. King (1994) argues for a racially responsive pedagogy to disrupt racial segregation and patterns of participation in physical activity often produced by teachers in physical education classes and coaches in school athletics About armours dimensions, knowledge in context is valuable in teaching and coaching practice as teachers/coaches may use it as tool for to meet the diverse needs individuals. To conclude, concerns of gender and race, ethnicity and religions effect on teaching and coaching practice need to be questioned further to improve physical education/activity and youth sport. Youth voices from different genders and races , ethnicity and religion should continually be analysed , to improve teaching and coaching practices. Understanding the intersection of gender and other factors will act as a resolution in physical education to create pedagogical change.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping - Stereotypical Female in Im Your Horse i

A Stereotypical Female in I'm Your Horse in the Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luisa Valenzuela's short story titled "I'm Your Horse in the Night" is a thought provoking piece of literature. The story is written in such a way that the reader must interpret what is meant by what is being said. Although it is easy to go into depth when describing the elements of this piece, the storyline is rather simple. The story contains an assortment of characters; with those characters being Chiquita, Beto, Andres, and several policemen. The time and location are unknown. The telephone tells us that the time period is of somewhat modern times, and the Spanish ethnicity would most likely relate to the setting being that of a Spanish colonization. The narration of the story is first person persona told by Chiquita throughout. Aside from the geographic location of the setting, it is the home of a woman who lives on her own. She is in love with a man who she calls Beto. The woman hasn't heard from Beto in months, but she practically fantasizes about him every night. One morning she is awaken by   a mysterious phone call. She thought it was a man she calls Andres, but then the man hangs up and she is left hearing that Beto is dead. Chiquita called the police. They showed up only to harass her and tear apart her house, asking questions about Beto, which Chiquita was unable to answer. The police conclude their search by taking Chiquita to jail. She is left to ponder what is going on with Beto, the man she loved. The short story summarized above illustrates the common stereotypical theme of a female wanting to be loved by a man who in turn only wants the woman for her sex. The characters in this short story would have to be... ...ng and complexities, making it into a complete literary piece. Certain areas of the story were open for interpretation, giving the story line more than one path to go by, making it an ambiguity within itself. Every sentence adds to what the reader is able to see and comprehend as far as this particular story goes. Overall the theme is clearly that of a female simply wanting to be loved, and a male wanting sexual pleasure. This piece just glorifies the common occurrence with the verisimilitude of the main characters making the story come to life for the reader. The main characters within the story are a good example of reality when it comes to seeing the differences between males and females during an event such as this. Valenzuela's story does a good job of taking a common theme, and turning it into an exciting, thought provoking piece to read. Stereotypes and Stereotyping - Stereotypical Female in I'm Your Horse i A Stereotypical Female in I'm Your Horse in the Night  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Luisa Valenzuela's short story titled "I'm Your Horse in the Night" is a thought provoking piece of literature. The story is written in such a way that the reader must interpret what is meant by what is being said. Although it is easy to go into depth when describing the elements of this piece, the storyline is rather simple. The story contains an assortment of characters; with those characters being Chiquita, Beto, Andres, and several policemen. The time and location are unknown. The telephone tells us that the time period is of somewhat modern times, and the Spanish ethnicity would most likely relate to the setting being that of a Spanish colonization. The narration of the story is first person persona told by Chiquita throughout. Aside from the geographic location of the setting, it is the home of a woman who lives on her own. She is in love with a man who she calls Beto. The woman hasn't heard from Beto in months, but she practically fantasizes about him every night. One morning she is awaken by   a mysterious phone call. She thought it was a man she calls Andres, but then the man hangs up and she is left hearing that Beto is dead. Chiquita called the police. They showed up only to harass her and tear apart her house, asking questions about Beto, which Chiquita was unable to answer. The police conclude their search by taking Chiquita to jail. She is left to ponder what is going on with Beto, the man she loved. The short story summarized above illustrates the common stereotypical theme of a female wanting to be loved by a man who in turn only wants the woman for her sex. The characters in this short story would have to be... ...ng and complexities, making it into a complete literary piece. Certain areas of the story were open for interpretation, giving the story line more than one path to go by, making it an ambiguity within itself. Every sentence adds to what the reader is able to see and comprehend as far as this particular story goes. Overall the theme is clearly that of a female simply wanting to be loved, and a male wanting sexual pleasure. This piece just glorifies the common occurrence with the verisimilitude of the main characters making the story come to life for the reader. The main characters within the story are a good example of reality when it comes to seeing the differences between males and females during an event such as this. Valenzuela's story does a good job of taking a common theme, and turning it into an exciting, thought provoking piece to read.

European Union and United Nations Essay

United Nations and European Union are two organizations which are very influential in the contemporary world. The two institutions play a very great role as far as implementation of rules and policy of different nature are concerned. Each body is charged with specific roles to play in the pursuit of various objectives for the member states. United Nation draws its membership from across the board,almost all countries in the world are members of this organization which was mainly created to promote peace among the nations. European Union on the other hand draws its membership from the heart of Europe,where most of the European nations are represented. The two organizations are charged with the role of implementing policies put forward or agreed upon by the member states. Each body has a mechanism which ensures that these policies and rules are followed by the members. They have powers to compel members to adhere to the laid down rules. United Nation relies on the powers granted by its guiding rules to implement the policies while European union largely depends on the constitution drawn by member states spelling out procedures to be followed by the members as far as implementation of policies is concerned. (Blacksell, M 1978) One of the main differences between the two bodies is the composition,European Union membership is drawn from nations which have a common interest and are pursuing the same goals mostly on economic intergration,whereas United Nation is a conglomeration of states brought together by the purpose of promoting peace in the world. United nation membership is far and wide due to the reason that a country is member of the larger world community. Members have serious conflicting interests making it hard at times to reach a compromise in certain occassions. On the other hand European Union is more of a voluntary organizations where members join as a result of the benefits they are going to derive from such a union (Emadi, B 2002). They are not propelled by other reason such as fear of being labelled uncoperative but rather for the benefit of creating a wider markets and opening up their economies. The European Union is a powerful entity which is rather an economic organization as opposed to United Nation which more of a political institution. The main objective of the European Union was to allow free movements of goods and capital across the borders where for the United Nation it was to prevent another major war in the world or mainly prevent conflict between nations among other things that go along with the maintenance of peace in the world. In such an arrangement members are not bound together by a common goal but rather as mere formality because they would like to be seen as countries which believe in a peaceful coexistence among nations. For those in the European Union it is more than maintenance of peace. They are bound together by the principles of creating a good enviroment for their economic advancement. (Bedjaou, M 1991) (Lister, F 1996) As an international organization,United nation has been facing problems as far as enforcement of the policies and rules is concerned. At times this has resulted to very serious consequences especially when members fail to abide by the rules set by the otganization. One of the main problem that has engulfed this institution is the feeling that some members are not well represented. The inequality as far as power is concerned has been a serious set back when it comes to the implementation of policies in the body. The issue of veto power means that some members are more powerful than others meaning that there exists a power imbalance in this organization. Though this may serve well for the group as the powerful nations will force the others to play by the rules there is a danger of this concept being misused by the powerful nations where they will be forcing others to play to their tune. On the other hand European Union presents a situation where member states operate on an equal ground (Lane, J 2006)As a supranantional government , European Union member countries have transferred some of their powers to this broader authority. This power is shared equally among the member states giving them eacha an opportunity to feel part and parcel of the organization. In such an arrangement it becomes easy to implement policies and rules set by the organization since members will wilingly be ready to comply as they are bound to benefit from such seetings. (Permott, A 2000) Though in both organizations it is possible for the member state to be forced by others to implement decisions made,in the Euopean Union it is rather not necessary to take such an action since most of the polies are reached through consensus building. Therefore most of the members will be in a position to impelement what the member country has passed. In the United Nations force can be used if a member state fails to go by the rules but this does not mean that such measures are always successful. (Joachim, J and Locher, B 2009) Members have at one time or another withdrawn their contribution or their membership from the organization as a registration of their discontement with some of the policies adopted by the organization. The fact that United Nation applies persuasive means to convince member states to comply with the rules and also take part in the implementation of policies place it in a weaker position as far as its operation are concerned. It is at a disadvantaged position since not all the members are willing to play by the rules. The mechanisms available to compel members to abide by the rules are also weak giving too much leeway to the rebel members. The issue of the power imbalance among member states also plays a great role in the impedement being experienced in the matters relating to the policy implementation. (Preston, L and Windsor, D 1997) The facts that European Union members are held together by many factors make it easy for the organization to manage its affairs. All members are bound to benefit in one way or another from the policies being adopted at any time. On the other hand United Nations experience difficulties implementing some of its policies due to the fact that the organization has a wider membership, and again the ideological differences play a major role as far as this is concerned. The feeling by some of the members that they are inadequately represented makes it hard for the organization to employ mechanism which auger well for all the members (Ionescu, G 1974) When it comes to the implementation of international rules and policies United Nation stands a better chance but it’s bogged down by various issues surrounding its composition. The fact that some nations yield more power in terms of veto creates an imbalance making other members feel that they are just used as mere pawns in rubber stamping decisions reached and brought down into their throats by the powerful nations. They feel that they are not part and parcel of some of the policies being adopted. On the other hand the issue of policy ownership in the European Union has played a great role as far as its successful implementation of policies and rules is concerned. Members participate fully in the deliberation and implementation of the policies. (Mckay, D (1996) Reference Permott, A (2000) The New Politics of Financing the UN, Palgrave Macmillan Bedjaou, M (1991) International Law and Prospects, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Preston, L and Windsor, D (1997) The Rules of the Game in the Global Economy, Springer Publishers Ionescu, G (1974) Between Sovereignty and Intergration, Taylor and Francis Emadi, B (2002) Rethinking International Organization, Routledge Taylor and Francis Blacksell, M (1978) Postwar Europe: A political Geography, West view Press Joachim, J and Locher, B (2009) Transnational Activism in the UN and EU: A Comparative Study, Taylor and Francis Lane, J (2006) Globalization and the Politics, Ashgate Publishing Mckay, D (1996) Rush to Union, Oxford University Press Lister, F (1996) The European Union, The United Nations and the Revival of the Cofederal Governance, Greeenwood Publishing co.

Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812

Battle of the Thames in the War of 1812 The Battle of the Thames was fought October 5, 1813, during the War of 1812 (1812-1815). In the wake of the American victory at the Battle of Lake Erie, Major General William Henry Harrisons army recaptured Detroit before crossing into Canada. Outnumbered, British commander Major General Henry Proctor elected to withdraw east with his Native American allies. On October 5, he turned his army and made a stand near Moraviantown. In the resulting battle, his army was routed and the famed Native American leader Tecumseh was killed. The victory secured the United States northwest frontier for the remainder of the war. Background ​Following the fall of Detroit to Major General Isaac Brock in August 1812, American forces in the Northwest endeavored to recapture the settlement. This was badly hampered due to British naval forces controlling Lake Erie. As a result, Major General William Henry Harrisons Army of the Northwest was forced to remain on the defensive while the U.S. Navy constructed a squadron at Presque Isle, PA. As these efforts progressed, American forces suffered a severe defeat at Frenchtown (River Raisin) as well as endured a siege at Fort Meigs. In August 1813, the American squadron, commanded by Master Commandant Oliver Hazard Perry emerged from Presque Isle. Outnumbered and out-gunned, Commander Robert H. Barclay withdrew his squadron to the British base at Amherstburg to await the completion of HMS Detroit (19 guns). Taking control Lake Erie, Perry was able to cut off the British supply lines to Amherstburg. With the logistical situation worsening, Barclay sailed out to challenge Perry in September. On September 10, the two clashed at the Battle of Lake Erie. After a bitter fought engagement, Perry captured the entire British squadron and sent a dispatch to Harrison stating, We have met the enemy and they are ours. With control of the lake firmly in American hands, Harrison embarked the bulk of his infantry aboard Perrys ships and sailed to recapture Detroit. His mounted forces advanced along the lake shore (Map). The British Retreat At Amherstburg, the British ground commander, Major General Henry Proctor, began planning to withdraw east to Burlington Heights at the western end of Lake Ontario. As part of his preparations, he quickly abandoned Detroit and nearby Fort Malden. Though these moves were opposed by the leader of his Native American forces, the famed Shawnee chief Tecumseh, Proctor proceeded as he was badly outnumbered and his supplies were dwindling. Detested by the Americans as he had allowed the Native Americans to butcher prisoners and wounded after the Battle of Frenchtown, Proctor began retreating up the Thames River on September 27. As the march progressed, the morale of his forces fell and his officers became increasingly dissatisfied with his leadership. Fast Facts: Battle of the Thames Conflict: War of 1812 (1812-1815)Dates: October 5, 1813Armies Commanders:United StatesMajor General William Henry Harrison3,760 menGreat Britain and Native AmericansMajor General Henry ProctorTecumseh1,300 menCasualties:United States: 10-27 killed, and 17-57 woundedGreat Britain 12-18 killed, 22-35 wounded, and 566-579 capturedNative Americans: 16-33 killed Harrison Pursues A veteran of Fallen Timbers and the victor of Tippecanoe, Harrison landed his men and re-occupied Detroit and Sandwich. After leaving garrisons at both locations, Harrison marched out with around 3,700 men on October 2 and began pursuing Proctor. Pushing hard, the Americans began to catch up to the tired British and numerous stragglers were captured along the road. Reaching a location near Moraviantown, a Christian Native American settlement, on October 4, Proctor turned and prepared to meet Harrisons approaching army. Deploying his 1,300 men, he placed his regulars, largely elements of the 41st Regiment of Foot, and one cannon on the left along the Thames while Tecumsehs Native Americans were formed on the right with their flank anchored on a swamp. Shawnee leader Tecumseh. Public Domain Proctors line was interrupted by a small swamp between his men and Tecumsehs Native Americans. To extend his position, Tecumseh lengthened his line into the large swamp and pushed it forward. This would allow it to strike the flank of any attacking force. Approaching the next day, Harrisons command consisted of elements of the U.S. 27th Infantry Regiment as well as a large corps of Kentucky volunteers led by Major General Isaac Shelby. A veteran of the American Revolution, Shelby had commanded troops at the Battle of Kings Mountain in 1780. Shelbys command consisted of five brigades of infantry as well as Colonel Richard Mentor Johnsons 3rd Regiment of Mounted Riflemen (Map). Proctor Routed Nearing the enemy position, Harrison placed Johnsons mounted forces along the river with his infantry inland. Though he initially intended to launch an assault with his infantry, Harrison changed his plan when he saw that the 41st Foot had deployed as skirmishers. Forming his infantry to cover his left flank from Native American attacks, Harrison instructed Johnson to attack the main enemy line. Splitting his regiment into two battalions, Johnson planned to lead one against the Native Americans above the small swamp, while his younger brother, Lieutenant Colonel James Johnson, led the other against the British below. Moving forward, the younger Johnsons men charged down the river road with Colonel George Paulls 27th Infantry in support. Battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813. Library of Congress Striking the British line, they quickly overwhelmed the defenders. In less than ten minutes of fighting, the Kentuckians and Paulls regulars drove off the British and captured Proctors one cannon. Among those who fled was Proctor. To the north, the elder Johnson attacked the Native American line. Led by a forlorn hope of twenty men, the Kentuckians soon became engaged in bitter battle with Tecumsehs warriors. Ordering his men to dismount, Johnson remained in the saddle urging his men forward. In the course of the fighting he was wounded five times. As the fighting raged, Tecumseh was killed. With Johnsons horsemen bogged down, Shelby directed some of his infantry to advance to their aid. As the infantry came up, the Native American resistance began to collapse as word of Tecumsehs death spread. Fleeing into the woods, the retreating warriors were pursued by cavalry led by Major David Thompson. Seeking to exploit the victory, American forces pressed on and burned Moraviantown despite the fact that its Christian Munsee inhabitants had played no role in the fighting. Having won a clear victory and destroyed Proctors army, Harrison elected to return to Detroit as the enlistments of many of his men were expiring. Aftermath In the fighting at the Battle of the Thames Harrisons army suffered 10-27 killed, and 17-57 wounded. British losses totaled 12-18 killed, 22-35 wounded, and 566-579 captured, while their Native American allies lost 16-33 killed. Among the Native American dead were Tecumseh and the Wyandot chief Roundhead. The exact circumstances regarding Tecumsehs death are not known though stories quickly circulated that Richard Mentor Johnson killed the Native American leader. Though he never personally claimed credit, he used the myth during later political campaigns. Credit has also been given to Private William Whitley. The victory at the Battle of the Thames saw American forces effectively take control of the Northwest frontier for the remainder of the war. With Tecumsehs death, much of the Native American threat in the region was eliminated and Harrison was able to conclude truces with many of the tribes. Though a skilled and popular commander, Harrison resigned the following summer after disagreements with Secretary of War John Armstrong.

Using Text Styles in Google Docs

Using Text Styles in Google Docs Using Text Styles in Google Docs Many people now use Google Docs to create and share documents. And to make sure your document looks as good as it reads, you’ll need to apply clear, consistent formatting throughout. The quickest way to do this in Google Docs is via the Styles menu, so let’s look at how this works. Text Styles in Google Docs The Styles menu in Google Docs. Google Docs has a range of formatting options. But rather than applying each element of formatting manually, you can use the Styles menu. This is a list of default text styles, including: Normal Text – Usable for the main text of your document Title – Very large text designed for the main title of a document Subtitle – Usable for a subtitle under the main title in a document Headings – A set of heading styles (Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3, etc.) that you can use for headings and subheadings throughout your document You can apply these default text styles by simply: Placing the cursor in the passage of text you want to format Going to the Styles menu and clicking the style you want to apply If the default styles aren’t what you’re after, though, you can also tailor them. Customizing Text Styles To customize the default styles in Google Docs, you need to: Apply the formatting required somewhere in your document Select the newly formatted text Go to the Styles menu and find the style you want to update Follow the arrow to the right and click Update â€Å"Style Name† to match Customizing a style. The style will then change to match the formatting of the selected text. It will also update any text to which you’ve already applied the style, which helps to ensure consistency. And if you want to use the same custom styles again at a later date, you can save your settings: Open the Styles menu and go to Options at the bottom Select Save as my default styles to save your current settings Saving custom text styles. Next time you want to use those saved styles in a Google document, simply go to Styles Options Use my default styles. Don’t forget, too, to have your documents checked by a professional proofreader. This will ensure your writing is always error free and easy to read.

ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

ANSWERS TO SOME FREQUENTLY - Dissertation Example 2. WHAT IS THE SCOPE OF TRANSACTIONS TO WHICH THE BAN ON RIBA IS APPLICABLE? DOES THE TERM APPLY ONLY TO THE INTEREST CHARGED ON CONSUMPTION LOANS OR DOES IT ALSO COVER PRODUCTIVE LOANS ADVANCED BY BANKING AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? The Shariah clearly states that riba al-nasi'ah, â€Å"the fixing in advance a positive return on a loan as a reward for waiting† is prohibited. Hence it could be understood as a ban on interest as commonly used today. Islamic jurists, the fuqaha, state in no unclear terms that all manifestations of riba are forbidden. So it does not matter if the context is consumption or business and also whether the loan in issued or availed. It is also irrelevant whether the institution in question is a commercial bank, government agency, business enterprise or an individual. 3. DOES THE PROHIBITION OF RIBA APPLY EQUALLY TO THE LOANS OBTAINED FROM OR EXTENDED TO MUSLIMS AS WELL AS NON-MUSLIMS? The Islamic Fiqh Academy (IFA), which is the leading authority on f inancial transactions, mentions that there is no leniency in the application of Shariah laws even if one party of a financial transaction is non-Muslim. ... IS SUCH A SCHEME ACCEPTABLE FROM AN ISLAMIC POINT OF VIEW? In economies with high rates of inflation, restrictions imposed by Shariah laws can undermine value of investments. To compensate for such a loss, a method of indexation is usually employed. There is no consensus yet among the fuqaha, as to the compatibility of indexation practices with Islamic scriptures. So far the Fiqh Academy has permitted indexation in cases pertaining to â€Å"wages and contracts fulfilled over a period of time† and has disallowed in cases pertaining to monetary debts. Similarly, â€Å"for debts in a specific currency, due in installments, the parties may agree to settle the installments due in a different currency at the prevailing rate of exchange on the date of settlement†. 5. WHAT ARE THE MAJOR MODES OF FINANCING USED BY ISLAMIC BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS? Islamic banking system has invented a few ingenious modes of financing in order to comply with Shariah principles. The first mode is based upon sharing of both profits and losses incurred by investments, respectively the mudarahab (passive partnership) and musharakah (active partnership). The second mode operates on the basis of credit offered durig the purchase of goods and services and uses such financial concepts as murabahah (sales contract at a profit markup), ijarah (leasing), salam and istisna (contracts). These modes are unique to Islamic finance and have been approved by fiqh officials. Apart from being consistent with Islamic precepts, these modes incentivise direct investments, thereby contributing to economic growth of the bank/institution/country. Yet, improvements need to be done in order to integrate Islamic financial system into global

Applied decision methods Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Applied decision methods - Speech or Presentation Example t, I can use Linear Programming to come up with an optimal production programme to determine the production level of the processes so that the customers’ orders are met and the total production costs are minimal. TQM calls for continuous improvement of the quality of the products and services through proper feedbacks and research (Management Guide, 2013). Consequently, in my current job as customer service of YMCA, I will pay attention to customers’ (current and potential customers) feedback of any kind by listening to them, analyzing their response to the advertisements, checking their comments on social media and directly interacting with them to get what they have to say about our products and services. Then I will do research on how realistic the feedback is before recommending appropriate changes to my colleagues. This will enable us to meet customers’ needs thus meeting their expectation as we expand the YMCA’s portfolio. Besides, TQM admonishes for planning and checking on the proceedings of a strategy (Management Guide, 2013). Thus I will plan how to achieve customers’ satisfaction of a certain level, collect relevant data on how to achieve the goal and th en strategize. Thereafter, I will keep on checking on the suitability of our methods. From the QM, the optimal solution is to ship 800 units from Houston to Dallas, 600 Units from Phoenix to Atlanta and 200 Units from Memphis to Denver. The total cost involved using the above combination is 13000

Menstruation Disorders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Menstruation Disorders - Research Paper Example A menstrual disorder will affect the woman normal menstrual cycle, and the disorders include painful menses, abnormally heavy bleeding and lack of menses. Normal menstruation is bound to occur during the years of puberty and menopause. Also referred to as â€Å"period† entails a process where blood flows from the uterus to the cervix and out of the vagina. Some women will experience emotional and physical symptoms during the time of menstruation while another will not and such factors may disrupt a woman’s normal life in a number of ways. It is essential for the reproductive-aged woman to understand their menstrual cycles and some of the orders that are bound to occur to be able to prevent, manage them and seek medical attention. Most of these disorders have straightforward explanations and treatments options that exist to help in relieving the symptoms. It is essential for a woman experiencing irregularity in their cycle to seek medical attention from a healthcare prof ession (Peacock, Alvi, & Mushtaq, 2012). Major topics in the research paper include the menstrual cycle and its features, the menstrual disorders and their risk factors and the management and complications of the underlying disorders. The menstrual cycle is prepared and regulated by a complex surge of reproductive hormones that work together to prepare the woman body and systems ready for pregnancy. The regions of the body that control these hormones are the hypothalamus in the brain and the pituitary gland that all control six important hormones in the body.

Complete alignment of purposes Essay Example for Free

Complete alignment of purposes Essay Functionalism is the complete alignment of purposes of different sectors of society. This encompasses the inter-dependence of different social attributes to make the society survive (McClelland 1). In terms of schooling in the US, educational institutions serve as the primary educating sector for the population. The main function of schooling is to promote the total knowledge build up of younger individuals so that they may be able to contribute good effects not only to their respective lives but to function as an element for the whole society. More importantly, schooling functions to disseminate what is supposed to be the norms and roles of each individual. In the classroom, the main approach to realize the functional contribution of schools is by using instructors. The teachers have a delegated format of teaching which exposes the students to day to day â€Å"functional† tasks such as participating in discussions, taking examinations and interacting with each other to fulfill a certain goal say for example in completing a group project. Basically, the main advantage of having a functionalist perspective is that each member works for the survival of the system. Although there may be a generic principle in making the mindsets of individuals aware of the natural goal, they can be divided into segments according to their capabilities and possible contributions. In such a way, a functionalist perspective starts to regard the importance of each small parts arriving at a single union of goals for the whole system. However, there are also disadvantages in using the philosophy of functionalism. For one, functionalism reduces the possibility for improvement. Social change may be too difficult to achieve if all of the parts of the system have already accepted their roles and became highly attached to them. The society may then become too static and might face a great dilemma if ever it wants to drastically change itself for the better. Works Cited McClelland, Kent. Functionalism. Grinell. 2000. 29 Jan 2008 http://web. grinnell. edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories/Functionalism. html.

Divorce Impacts a Child Emotionally, Mentally and Academically Essays

Divorce Impacts a Child Emotionally, Mentally and Academically Over 60 percent of couples seeking a divorce have children still living at home. ( 6) What some parents don’t realize when they file for a divorce is the great impact that it will have on their kids. Divorce affects children in many ways. It affects kids emotionally and causes them to experience feelings such as fear, loss, anger and confusion. Divorce also hurts a child’s academic achievement. Children whose parents divorce generally have poorer scores on tests and a higher dropout rate. (3) Children react differently yet similarly in divorce. Every child caught up in the distress of divorce has a hard time coping with it and imagining their life without a parent. Their anxiety levels peak as they feel they are going to be abandoned. They experience feelings of loneliness due to the loss of the other parent. Different children go through these emotions at different levels and at different times depending on the child’s age. How bad or how well children handle the divorce depends on how the situation is handled. It can throw the child's entire life into a whirlwind. Young children, up to age five or six, are the most confused and the most disoriented by their parents’ separation. They often fear they are going to be abandoned by their parents, which causes great anxiety. The loss of a parent is extremely sad to a child of this age because they feel that their needs are not going to be attended to as well as they had before, when their needs are not going to be attended to as well as they had before, when their family was together. Many of the children in this group are worried that they will be left without a family or their parents might have money troubles and they will be deprived of food and toys. These thoughts that children of this age have cause them to have feelings of guilt, being unloved and fear of being alone. Some children will be extremely sad and show signs of depression and even sleeplessness. They might feel rejected by the parent who left and think that it is all their fault, that they weren’t good children and th eir parents stopped loving them. They also sometimes have increased tantrums, or may cry more easily than usual. Children at this age may develop physical complaints, like headaches, or stomachaches due to this depressing situation and time they are going thr... ...ng up in a single-parent home (usually female-headed) is seven times as likely to be a delinquent. The rate of violent crime and burglary is related to the number of single parent households with children aged twelve to twenty. (1)In a new study of 72 adolescent murders and 35 adolescent thieves, researches for Michigan State University demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of teenage criminals live with only one parent. Fully 75 percent of those charged with homicide had parents who were either divorced or had never been married at all.( 5) So, in conclusion, divorce is very bad for children. It ruins their lives and happiness. Losing a parent destroys a child emotionally, mentally and even academically. They would rather live with both parents because both of them are an important part of their lives. Two parents are better than one! Bibliography: 1) http://www.alfra.org/risks2.htm 2) http://www.canadianparents.com/articles/feature08b.htm 3) http://www.divorcereform.org/crime.html 4) http://www.ksu.edu/psych/bartel/adolescence/divorce-yes.html 5) http://www.theallengroup.com/members/Fr_flammer.html 6) http://www.womentodaymagazine.com/family/kidsdivorce.html

Beowulf Questions Essay

1. Realize that this prologue introduces the Danes, not Beowulf or his people the Geats. What was unusual about the way Shield came to be ruler of the Danes? What was his funeral like? What relation is Hrothgar to Shield? Unlike Hrothgar, Shield became king because he had the ability to take down the enemies. Hrothgar became king through wealth. When Shield died the Danes buried him and his treasures in the sea. Hrothgar happens to be Shield’s grandson [Heorot is Attacked] (lines 86-188, pp. 34-36) 1. Grendel, the monster, attached thirty warriors while they were asleep and ran home with their bodies for a couple of nights. This devastated the Danes and the sorrow soon spread overseas. What magnificent work did Hrothgar undertake? Who attacked it, and with what result? How long did the attacks last? What was the response of the Danes? [The Hero Comes to Heorot] (Lines 189-490, pp. 36-42) 1. What does Beowulf do when he hears of Hrothgar’s problems with Grendel? When Beowulf hears of Hrothgar’s problems with Grendel, he immediately rounded up a boat and his bravest men to go were there help was needed. (Denmark) 2. Whom do the Geats first meet when they arrive in Denmark? What does he do, and what do they do? When the Geats first arrive in Denmark, the meet Hrothgar’s lieutenant who was patrolling along the cliffs. He questioned the Geats to figure out why they were there and warned them no one passes without permission or a password/sign. They then replied they were there to save the Danes from the monster. 3. They next meet Hrothgar’s herald. Who is he? What does he tell them? What does he tell Hrothgar? What does Hrothgar respond? Are you surprised that Hrothgar knows Beowulf so well? Hrothgar’s herald interrogates the Geats about where they’ve come from and what they’re doing. He’s impressed by their mighty appearance. Hrothgar is thrilled the men are there to help which is strange because he doesn’t know them to well yet is letting them on the land. 4. What does Beowulf tell Hrothgar when he enters? What did Hrothgar do for Beowulf’s father? Beowulf tells Hrothgar that his men follow Higlac. (King of Geats) Hrothgar knew Beowulf’s father because he was a famous soldier known as a leader of men. [Feast at Heorot] (Lines 491-661, pp. 42-46) 1. What does Unferth accuse Beowulf of? How does Beowulf answer him? How is this episode relevant to the poem as a whole? What does Beowulf accuse Unferth of? Unferth accuses Beowulf of losing a swimming match and will once again have to have defeat with Grendel. Beowulf retaliates by accusing Unferth of drunkenness and describes what happen in the swimming match. This is relevant because Unferth may indeed be correct; Beowulf would have met defeat again if it wasn’t for Wiglaf. 2. What is Queen Wealhtheow doing during the feasting? At the feast she offers drinks to all the men present. She distributes food and drink, and also strives for goodwill and peace. [The Fight with Grendel] (Lines 662-835, pp. 46-49) 1. Heroic poetry normally has a scene in which the hero arms for battle. What is different about Beowulf’s preparations for his fight with Grendel? Beowulf prepares for battle differently than any other heroic poetry scene. He doesn’t do much preparing. He is more anxious to get rid of the monster. He was prepared however to fight without a sword. 2. What happens when Grendel enters Heorot? How does Beowulf fight with him? What happens when Grendel tries to leave? Does Grendel escape? What does he leave behind? When Grendel enters Heorot, he became furious searching for the warriors until he found them and kills one Geat. While fighting the monster, Beowulf uses his bare hands. Grendel does escape, however; he somehow managed to leave behind his arm. [Celebration at Heorot] (Lines 836-1250, pp. 49-60) 1.When the Danes and Geats return from following Grendel’s tracks to the mere, someone sings in Beowulf’s presence, comparing him to Sigemund and saying that he was not like Heremod (lines 883-914). How is Beowulf like Sigemund? How is he not like Heremod? (Be alert for inserted stories such as this one. Beowulf contains many of them, most much more complex that this one.) 2. How does Hrothgar respond to Beowulf’s deed? What does he offer to do for him? What does Unferth have to say now? 3. The singer sings of Finn during the feasting (lines 1070-1158). The exact details of the Finn story are not clear, but in general, what happens? What does it suggest about the wisdom of using a woman as bride to heal enmity between tribes? 4. When the feasting resumes, what does Wealhtheow ask Hrothgar not to do? 5. Wealhtheow gives Beowulf a large, broad necklace. What later happens to it? What does Wealhtheow ask Beowulf to do? 6. Why do so many men remain in the beer hall to sleep? Why is it a mistake? BEOWULF AND GRENDEL’S MOTHER (lines 1251-2199, pp. 60-79) [Another Attack] (lines 1251-1382, pp. 60-62) 1.Why has Grendel’s mother come to Heorot? Is it the same reason Grendel had? Grendel’s mother comes to Heorot to seek revenge and take her sons claw back. 2. What is Hrothgar’s response? Whom has Grendel’s mother killed? Hrothgar was thankful that the Danes grief ended and the arm hanging was proof of victory. He hoped that Beowulf can stop Grendel’s mother from destructing his town again. Grendel’s mother killed Hrothgar’s closest friend 3.What sort of place is the mere? The mere is was under the water. It was full of mud, water, and dark. [Beowulf Fights Grendel’s Mother] (Lines 1383-1650, pp. 63-68) 1. How does Beowulf tell Hrothgar to respond? Beowulf agrees to fight again for the Danes. He feels it is an honor and the last battle made him a bit more confident to do it. 2. What happens at the mere before Beowulf enters it? Before Beowulf enters the mere, he sinks for hours going down in the water. 3. How does Beowulf prepare for the battle? What sword does he take with him? Beowulf prepared for battle by telling Hrothgar what his wishes are if he may die. Beowulf took his ring-marked blade. 4. What happens when Beowulf enters the mere? What is surprising about where Grendel and his mother live in the mere? When he finally lands, Grendel’s mother grabs him, but his armor protects him. To me its not surprising that the monsters live in a dark place, however; it is surprising that it takes half a day to get down there. 5. What happens to the sword Beowulf borrowed from Unferth? Beowulf strikes at Grendel’s mother with the borrowed sword, Hrunting, but the blade has no effect and breaks 6. At one point Beowulf is on the floor, with Grendel’s mother sitting on him and drawing her knife. How does Beowulf escape? Beowulf escapes Grendel’s mother by having the strength and faith to defeat her and using his strength to get off the ground. 7. How does Beowulf kill Grendel’s mother? What weapon does he use? What happens when she dies? What does Beowulf take with him from her home? What happens to the sword he used to kill her? Beowulf drew a sword he seen hanging on her wall to cut right through her neck and break all her bones. After her death the light shone very bright. Beowulf beheaded Grendel and took it with him and half of what was left of the sword. (The other half was in Grendel’s mother) 8. What happens when Beowulf returns to the surface? Did his men expect him to return? When Beowulf returns from the surface nobody is there. They all had suspected that Grendel’s mother had killed him. [Further Celebration at Heorot] (Lines 1651-1798, pp. 68-71) 1. What does Beowulf give to Hrothgar? 2. What message does Hrothgar have for Beowulf? What and why does he tell us about Heremod? Why and how did Heremod die? What lesson does Hrothgar teach with the Heremod example? 3. What does Beowulf give to Unferth as he leaves? [Beowulf Returns Home] (Lines 1799-2199, pp. 71-79) 1. What future does Hrothgar predict for Beowulf? 2. Who is Hygd and why is she not like Modthryth? 3. Beowulf reports to Hygelac that Hrothgar may marry his daughter Freawaru to Ingeld. Why does he plan to do that? What does Beowulf expect the result will be? (Remember the Finn story, lines 1070-1158.) How does Beowulf think the peace will be broken? Is this the type of report we expected from the hero Beowulf, or are we seeing a new side of him? 4. How does Beowulf report about his own adventures? Does he report accurately? 5. What does Beowulf do with the treasure he was given? What does Hygelac give him? BEOWULF AND THE DRAGON (lines 2200-3182, pp. 79-99) [The Dragon Wakes] (lines 2200-2509, pp. 79-86) 1.How much later does Part 2 take place? What kings have died in the meanwhile? What danger now exists? 2. Why is the dragon angry? Why did the man take a cup? How did the treasure come to be there in the first place? (The speech of the lone survivor, the one who put the gold in the barrow, is in a typically Old English elegiac tone. 3. What did the dragon destroy that evening? 4. Why does Beowulf think his home was burnt? Why does he order a new shield? How will he fight this battle? What will happen to him? 5. How did Hygelac die? (The description in lines 2354-2379 begins one of several versions of Geatish history and Hygelac’s death we will get.) What did Beowulf do after Hygelac’s death? What happened when he returned home? Did he accept Hygd’s offer to become king? 6. What happened to Hygelac’s son Heardred? (That’s the story in lines 2380-2390.) How did Beowulf plan to revenge Heardred’s death (lines 2391-2396)? 7. How many men accompany Beowulf as he goes to meet the dragon? Fourteen of Beowulf’s bravest men accompany him to fight the dragon. 8. What happened to Hygelac’s oldest brother Herebeald? Who killed him? What did this do to his father King Hrethel? (This passage, lines 2425-2509, is the second account of Geatish history and of the death of Hygelac.) What happened between the Swedes and Geats after Hrethel’s death? What happened to Haethcyn? How die Beowulf revenge Hygelac’s death? [Beowulf Attacks the Dragon] (Lines 2510-2820, pp. 86-92) 1. What does Beowulf tell his companions to do? Beowulf tells his companions to stay on top of the barrow in safety, observing the fight rather than participating in it. 2. What happens the first time Beowulf and the dragon fight? What do his companions do? How is Wiglaf different? What does he tell the others? What does he then do? The first time Beowulf fights the dragon his â€Å"brave† companions flee the scene. With the exception of Wiglaf. He reminded the men they should have all repaid Beowulf then ran off to go help kill the dragon 3. What happens the second time Beowulf meets the dragon? What happens to Beowulf? Who kills the dragon? Beowulf’s sword fails and makes him humiliated/ afraid for his life. The dragon hits Beowulf with another blast of fire. Beowulf took the final swing but both men, Beowulf and Wiglaf, killed the dragon. 4. What does the dying Beowulf ask Wiglaf to do? What happens when Beowulf sees the gold? How does Beowulf want to be buried? Beowulf asks Wiglaf to get him the treasure so he may see it. Then Beowulf thanks God for getting rid of the dragon. He asks to be burned at the coastal headland and it be known as Beowulf’s Barrow. [Beowulf’s Funeral] (Lines 2821-3182, pp. 92-99) 1. What happens when the companions return? What does Wiglaf say to him? What does he expect will happen in the future? Wiglaf tells them that they will now lead a shameful life, t would be better if they had died. 2. What does the messenger tell the city? (This passage, lines 2900-3027, is the third account of the history of the Geats and the death of Hygelac. These are the enemies that will attack the Geats when they learn of Beowulf’s death.) What happened overnight in Ravenswood after Ongentheow killed Haethcyn? What happened the next morning? What happened to Ongentheow? What does the messenger say to do with the gold? What is the final image (animal) of the messenger’s speech? 3. What does Wiglaf tell the crowd that comes to see the dragon and Beowulf? 4. What happens to the dragon? 5. What happens during and after the funeral celebration? 6. What did the Geats say about Beowulf in the last three lines of the poem? Are these the terms one would expect to be used t o describe a military hero?