Reply to the forum about rude behavior in the Society Essay

Rudeness is very much prevalent in every aspect of the society. Illiterate people and even those professionals and students are infected by the behavior of rudeness. Often times, rudeness is tolerated that is why instead of eradicating it, situations linked to it only get worse. It is slowly becoming a trend but of course, not all trends are good and should be followed. The factors that were given in the post do influence the spread of rudeness. These factors from the environment weaken the foundation of a person’s good character. Aside from the elements of a busy and secluded lifestyle and broken families, more factors that trigger rudeness include the media, technology and lack of moral obligation. The media takes part on catering thoughts of rudeness to the societies. A celebrity who has bad behavior and got away with it is one illustration that rudeness can be considered as a so-so action. Thus, there is lack of moral obligation in every wrong action that was done. The technology provides materials of rudeness through videos or simple pranks on a television show. Lack of moral obligation is also related to an environment of a broken family. If there is no discipline at home, the child or the teenager can adopt the same behavior when he is at school. For example, if the child is impatient, he cannot wait in line when at the school canteen. Hence, he will show behavior of irritability and may go in front of the line instead of waiting for his turn. Slight rudeness can be treated as poor etiquette. Still, it is classified under the category of rudeness. Instances of poor etiquettes will surely develop into rudeness. On the other hand, there is the question on whether rudeness is dependent on how the person handles its influences. A person can be exposed to negative influences but can still manage to have a good behavior. In order to do that, he must have a strong core of values that can help him ward off the factors of rudeness. As for someone who is already rude, there is always the possibility that he will learn his lessons, probably the hard way to realize that rudeness is not acceptable in the society. References: DBSR. (2009, December 10). Why Have We Evolved Into Such a Rude Society?. Retrieved May 24, 2010, from http://dontbesorude. com/2009/12/why-have-we-evolved-into-such-a- rude- society/

Economies Of The Middle East. Essay

According to the CIA world Fact Book Bahrain is located in the Middle East on the eastern side of Saudi Arabia. Bahrain’s climate is arid though characterized by hot and humid summers while the winters are pleasant. (CIA,2008). According to the Council for International Exchange of Scholars, Bahrain is an archipelago which is comprised of 33 islands and is sandwiched between the east coast of Saudi Arabia and the Qatar peninsula. Bahrain has an advantage in as far as tourism is concerned given her richness in geographical features like the sandy beaches as well as the coral reefs. It also has various museums, archeological sites and traditional markets which are all a plus to her competitiveness. Bahrain is also well known for her liberalistic tendencies in the Middle East region. (Council for International Exchange of Scholars). Being an Arab country, Islam is the most practiced religion although other religions which form less than 25% of the total population are allowed to take place. They include Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism as well as Judaism. In such a set up, where 85% of the total population is Muslim it is only natural that Arabic is the official language. However, English is used in the learning institutions as well as when conducting business. This paper will give an in depth analysis of Bahrain. The US department of State, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs pointed out that in 2007 the population of Bahrain was 708,535 out of which a tune of 32% comprised of non nationals. Statistics of the same year also indicated that annual population growth rate was at 1. 39%. In accessing the composition of the Bahrain population by ethnic background it was established that Bahrainis recorded the largest proportion at 63%, Asians were next with 19% while the Arabs and Iranians were 10% and 8% respectively. The US department of State estimated that Islam is the religion observed by approximately 98% of the total population. It also estimated that other languages used in addition to English and Arabic included Farsi and Urdu. A unique characteristic of the education system in Bahrain is the fact that although it is not compulsory, it is offered for free at all levels. Estimates taken in the period 1991 to 2001 indicated that there was a high rate of school attendance at 84%. In the year 2003 it was established that the overall adult literacy levels for those aged 15 years and above stood at 89. 1% while the rate differed across the genders. (Bureau of Public Affairs, 2007). Males had a higher rate at 91. 9% while females registered a lower rate at 85%. Bahrain finances her citizen’s educational needs from incomes attained from her generous investment in oil reserves. The importance of the year 1920 in as far as the education of Bahrain cannot be underscored as it was at this time that the first public school which served both sexes was introduced. There are 2 universities or high learning institutions where people are able to improve their credibility levels in the job market. To cater for the health needs of her population there is a health science college which offers specified skills in the various medical fields like nursing, pharmacy. According to the 2007 statistics the infant mortality rate was at 16. 18 deaths/1000 live births while the life expectancy for males was 5 years lower than that of the females which was 77 years. Statistics from 2006 estimated that approximately 352,000 people formed the Bahrain labor or work force out of which a tune of 44% was foreigners. The US department of State also estimates that Bahrain is among the highly dense populated states and most of her population settled in the capital city Manama. A considerable percentage of Bahrain’s workforce is comprised of foreigners due to the ‘foreigner – friendly’ policies by the government. Although the naturalization process evokes contrasting views among the Bahraini’s it has seen approximately 10% of the total populations attain Bahraini nationality. Critics argue that the procedures or rather criteria applied could jeopardize the country’s security especially when foreigners previously working with sensitive departments like security are naturalized. There are 2 types of Muslims in the Bahrain state. About 2/3 of the people from the indigenous group are shi’a Muslims while prominent people in the society like the ruling family, numerous members of the government and the military as well as leaders in the state form the Sunni Muslim. (Bureau of Public Affairs, 2007). According to the CIA world fact book, the birth rate using 2008 estimates was 17. 26/1000 population while the death rate at the same year was at 4. 29deaths/1000 population. The rate of net migration was estimated to be 0. 4 migrants/1000 population. CIA also estimated that the sex ratios for the total population stood at 1. 25 males/females in 2008. 2008 estimates also had it that the total infant mortality rate was at 15. 64 deaths/1000 live births while that of females was at 12. 93 deaths/1000 live births. In 2006, the school life expectancy of both primary levels to tertiary education was 15 years though it varied across the genders with males recording a lower expectancy at 14 years while females lagged behind at 16 years. 2001 statistics indicated that approximately 86. 5% of the total population could read and write with males recording a higher rate at 88. 6% and females at 83. 6%. In 1991 the government spent approximately 3. 9% of the GDP to finance the education sector. (CIA,2008). The government in Bahrain is a constitutional monarchy with 5 administrative divisions namely Asamah, Janilyah, Muharraq, shamliyah and wasat. She attained her independence on the 15th of August 1971from the UK. In 2002, on the 14th of February she adopted a constitution that was to be followed. The laws consist of the English law but blended with the Islam laws. The universal suffrage is at 20 years meaning any one above that age has the right to vote. There are three branches of government, the executive, legislative as well as the judiciary. The executive is comprised of the King Hamad bin Isa al- Khalifa who took over in March 1999. the king is the chief of the Bahrain state. The Prime Minister Khalifa bin Salman al Khalifa is the head of government and he has held this position since 1971. The monarchy has the responsibility of appointing the cabinet and the prime minister too but the monarchy is hereditary. (CIA,2008). King Hamad Isa al- Khalifa succeeded his father who died in 1999 after being in power for approximately 38 years. King Hamad can be commended for various reforms in Bahrain especially his zest to introduce democracy by changing the current system that was purely a ‘hereditary emirate’ to a ‘constitutional monarchy’. (CIA,2008). His efforts precipitated to a referendum in 2001 for the National Action Charter which approximately 94. 8% of the Bahrain voters endorsed. Another significant act by King Hamad was setting free of most political detainees and prisoner most of whom had been exiled, detained or imprisoned from as early as in the 1970’s for posing ‘security threats’ to Bahrain. Kind Hamad did away with the state security law and court which made it possible to detain people for up to 3 years without trial. The constitutional reforms Hamad introduced saw to it that a bicameral parliament which had a representative from the lower house was operational. Another aspect different from what was initially the trend was the creation of an independent body which was to act as ‘watchdog’ over corruption allegations such as the embezzlement of public funds. This was a way of increasing accountability and transparency in the region. (Bureau of Public Affairs, 2007). Hamad’s efforts were however not without challenges as for instance there were protests against the provisions he enacted on the constitution from members of the Shi’a community. The 2002 election made a mark in the political history of Bahrain as it was at this time when the first woman was elected in parliament. The legislature branch comprises of the 40 member consultative council and the 40 member chamber of deputies. The election of the two councils is different in the sense that the former is elected by the kind while the latter is determined through a direct election. Elections are held after 4 years with the last one in 2006. The judicial system of Bahrain is comprised of a combination of courts adhering to the English laws as well as the Islamic laws or religious and tribal laws. Hamad also made significant reforms in the judiciary when he set a separate branch to over see it. The king’s son or crown prince is the head of the commander in chief of the state’s defense force and the king’s successor. (Bureau of Public Affairs, 2007). Democracy in Bahrain, however is limited to the fact that political parties are discouraged and this had been the case for many decades but with the rise of Hamad to power political societies were allowed to operate (CIA) According to the CIA world fact book Bahrain attracts foreign direct investment a factor that has made various multinational companies settle there and carry out business. This is to the country’s advantage economically. Similar to other gulf countries the role of petroleum in stirring economic growth and development cannot be underscored. It is estimated that petroleum products attribute to over 60% of her total exports which contribute to a tune of 70% of the total government revenues. The petroleum industries directly contribute to approximately 11% of the country’s GDP. Bahrain is also rich in aluminum which is the second largest export. (CIA, 2008). The US department of state noted that other natural resources in Bahrain included textiles, natural gas, fish and pearls. (Bureau of Public Affairs, 2007).

Ampex VTR organization Essay Example for Free

Ampex VTR organization Essay After the second world war, the introduction of televisions opened way for the technological innovation of video recording. In the 1950s, there were major inventions in the video recording industry in the US and Japan. This case study involves the technological advancement in the video cassette recorders (VCRs) manufacturing industries. Six pioneering companies will be considered, namely; RCA and Ampex of USA, Japan Victor Company (JVC) and Sony, Toshiba and Matsushita all of Japan. JVC, Sony and Matsushita had the competitive advantage of management in this industry. They emphasized on opportunities that were more rewarding, productively positioned their technical efforts and executed these efforts in more productively. These companies learnt the market technological demands for videocassette recorders and produced in mass at limited costs. To prove their technological competence, these firms produced equipment with utmost sound clarity and consistently adhered to this. JVC was under pressure to come up with a common standard for its products which led to the advent of VHS system. RCA engineers came up with a video recording machine moving a narrow tape very fast past magnetic heads. At Toshiba, a recording head was made to rotate fast while the tape moved past at relatively slow speed (helical scanner). Despite these efforts, Ampex was the first to come up with a commercial video recorder. This VTR technology was patented but was soon shared out to other companies like RCA. Ampex failed to come up with a manufacturing capability for mass production despite the high performance designs. Ampex engineers opened up the helical scanner technology for broadcast recorder but Sony, JVC and Matsushita overtook them in this technology. RCA suggested the introduction of a television magnetic tape player but this was not considered by the management until later in 1958 in the design of VTR. Sony did not employ the method of market research but instead chose to insist on high technology and innovation. In 1950, Sony introduced the first Japanese magnetic recorder for sound and tape, followed by a TV camera and stereo tape recorder. In 1961, it unveiled the first fully transistorized VTR in the world. Matsushita was a diverse company dealing with a range of electrical appliances. To beat this company’s success, the rivals developed cheaper appliances. The diversities in technology led to a need for international standards to govern this. Sony wanting to outdo its foreign rivals collaborated with JVC and Matsushita in the establishment of ? inch tape cassettes. Sony, JVC and Matsushita made strategic management of technology by learning through trials. These companies were persistent and flexible. Ampex and RCA in America lacked consistency in their strategic direction making them fail to sustain technical development. The Japanese companies had stable technical teams which ensured stability in the organization. Top managers were involved in making critical decisions. Ampex VTR organization was however marred with instability (Rosenbloom & Cusumano, 1987). The basic VCR technology originated from the US and Europe although the Japanese industries have been successful in the industry. The success attributed to the Japanese industries was achieved by more improvements on the basic technology rather than just copying what the West had to offer. The advent of transistors, semiconductors and microchips greatly boosted the electronic industry in Japan. Ampex VTR organization. (2017, Jan 04).

The Common COld Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Common COld - Essay Example However it is not as serious as the flu because the cold are caused by a virus that that invades the cells in the nose and then replicate. The concentration of the virus is highest and contagious during the first two days before the person show any kind symptoms. This is the reason why infected children and medical staff can spread it before they show the signs of illness. This paper will analyze how its spreads, the type of viruses involves, the symptoms and the medication that can be provided. Common cold viruses are the most contagious prior to the symptoms showing for about three days of the cold. There are over 100 common cold viruses. This means that young children can get one cold after another. This can make the child quite discomforted but it is also good in a way in that, the child will develop more resistance to each virus and will reduce the frequency of being sick with common cold. Anybody is capable of infecting or spreading the virus. Cold viruses can be spread through discharge from the nose or throat. This can either be by through coughing kissing, sneezing, sharing eating utensils and getting into contact with infected objects. It is important to know that money, keys, toothbrushes and even door knobs can harbour these viruses. However, they can only leave on non human surface for about one to two hours. The common cold also known as rhinitis or coryza is known to be caused by a group of several of viruses. They include coronaviruses, adenoviruses, parainfluenza, repiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The one that is the prominent or dominant are the rhinoviruses though it seldom causes a serious illness. However, other viruses like paraainfluenza and RSV can produce severe respiratory illness in children and infants. This means that these two kinds of viruses are virulent. Coronaviruses are those viruses that tend to give adults common cold. These viruses cause cold during winter and early summer. Influenza (the flu) is also caused by a virus, eit her Influenze A or Influenza B. This is a viral disease of the upper respiratory tract. The disease affects the nose. It has the following symptoms sore throat, coughing, fever and running nose, which in most cases resolve in a weeks’ time. However, there are other symptoms, which last for almost three weeks. Over 100 viruses are associated with the cause of common cold. The most common are rhinoviruses. This makes the patient have show symptoms of sore throat, cough, muscle ache .head ache and fatigue. Occasionally, the common cold may be complicated by a bacterial infection for example, pneumonia, sinus infections. It is vital that these complications are treated with the appropriate antibiotics. There are numerous symptoms that can indicate that a person has been infected by common cold. These symptoms are evident after two to three days after the person has been infected with the virus. These include; tiredness, swelling of the sinuses, difficulty breathing through the no se, sore throat, sneezing, headache, and mucus builds upon the nose. Although fever is uncommon in adults who have been infected with the common cold virus, it is prevalent in children and can rise up to 102?F . Children should seek medical attention if it goes higher than this. These symptoms can last up to two weeks but, for those who take medication, it can last up to 10 days. Other

U.S. War on Terror and Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

U.S. War on Terror and Africa - Essay Example While some causes are internal, others are due to external factors that come as a result of the relationship between Africa and other countries in the world. Examples of major crises that have happened include genocide (e.g. Rwanda genocide of the 90s), rules of dictatorship and recently a string of terrorist attacks among others. The worst blood-letting in the period of the twentieth century happened during the colonial era in King Leopold’s Congo Free State (Leavitt and Nathan 14).The costs of these conflicts cannot be in doubt nor the need and urgency to solve them. This should happen rapidly if Africa is to navigate the current century more successfully than it did the previous century. The last century was marked by colonialism- related degradations and its debilitating legacies and post-colonial disruptions. This paper purposes to advance the understanding of African conflicts that result from terrorism, genocide, and other conflicts and how the United States has respond ed to the same. For over a decade, the United States has considered the Horn of Africa, as well as other parts as a significant zone in matters concerning terrorism. Major terrorist attacks that have occurred in Africa have been linked to other terror attacks in the United States (Ba 341). For example, in 1998 there was bombing of the United States Embassy in Kenya that caused a great number of casualties. Following the attacks that occurred on September 11th 2001 against the United States, the horn has been consistently scrutinised as a strategic focal point in United States War against terrorism. For instance, in May 2003, the government of Kenya admitted that a key member of the al-Qaeda group was plotting a major attack on Western targets, confirming al Gaea’s firm presence in the country. Djibouti’s importance to agents of terrorism is a result of its transit capabilities and events since 1999, may have increased Djibouti’s

Lesson I had learned in my life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lesson I had learned in my life - Essay Example Consequently, I was aware of the fact that having a positive attitude in life was more important than what had happened to me in the past in terms of social life, education, money and other aspects of life that affected me directly. Moreover, I had learnt that it was not easy neither practical to control and / or change the actions of people on diverse settings in life. In respect to this, I had to understand what I needed in life and my purpose of being in the world. Most of the times, my mind was tempted to think that my main course in this world was to have a good education, a well-paying job, get married, and live happily there afterwards. True to this, I had to act on my attitude by building a life that was successful and full of happiness. As such, I had ought to improve my attitude towards myself and towards life every other day and ensure that my entire life was surrounded by positive attitudes despite situation that tended to bring up negativity. With time, I anticipated that the sum of these positive moments would assist me build a life that was successful. Just like a philosopher once said that a long journey begins with a single step, I was willing to turn the tables around just for my sake. I was quite conversant with my past life that was made up of numerous wrongs that had culminated to regrets and regrets. Nevertheless, I refused the past to determine my future, because if that happened I would be subjected to my previous attitude that would have likely led me nowhere in life, but rather made me an individual of circumstances. In the same way, I would be compelled to think that I was in control of what other people did in life, particularly towards me, which was not the case. In a general sense, my lesson was clear. My life had no limits and I was at liberty of living it as I pleased. By this, I meant that, I had let my past go and thus had no regrets

Leadership paper(what's the culture and leadership difference between Research Paper

Leadership (what's the culture and leadership difference between Asia and U.S.A) - Research Paper Example In his opinion, variables like language, environmental and technological considerations, contexting, authority conception, nonverbal communication behavior, time conception etc can affect the communication and leadership styles of a person (Victor, 2009). English is the major language of the Americans whereas Mandarin, Hindi, Arabic etc are some of the languages in Asia. English is an international language and hence the Americans always keep a dominating mentality in their leadership styles. Even Chinese and Indians forced to use the American language English as the medium in their communication with the Americans. Asia and America have different environmental characteristics. Asia is a heavily populated region with different political and legal systems. Communists control the administration in China whereas democracy is prevailing in countries like India, Japan etc. In some other Asian countries Islamic administration is implemented. But in most of the American countries democracy is prevailing. These political differences in Asia and America often reflect in the leadership styles also. Most of the American leaders try to lead their people in a democratic manner whereas in Asia, except in democratic countries, totalitarian approaches are prominent. For example, in China and Saudi Arabia like countries, leaders have the supreme authorities and the followers should blindly accept the instructions of the leaders. But in America, leaders try to hear the opinions of the followers before asking the followers to do something. If the level of knowledge (Contexting) possessed by the leader and the follower are different, it can affect the leadership styles. If the follower has more knowledge than the leader, it is difficult for the leader to instruct the follower. The leader should always possess better knowledge than the follower in order to lead the followers successfully.

Does aid work If so, where and how If not why Provide a solid and Essay

Does aid work If so, where and how If not why Provide a solid and coherent evidence base to back up your assertion - Essay Example If the event is especially destructive so as to threaten the very social, political, or economic structure of the affected state or country, longer term aid in the form of rehabilitation assistance is provided. In the discussion of whether aid is effective, it would be easy to see that humanitarian aid in the foregoing scenario would certainly seem to. This, however, excludes discourses and debates on whether the distribution of relief aid is effective; as to that, logistics would probably be the most determining factor (Thomas & Kopczak, 2005). The purpose of this report is to determine whether aid itself – measured against the purpose for which it is intended – is effective. Therefore, I would like to focus the discussion on the other kind of aid where the answer to such a question is somewhat blurred: development aid or what is more formally known as â€Å"overseas development assistance† (ODA). ODA is the official aid and according to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development or OECD (1985), it specifically refers to loans and grants allotted to developing countries provided by the public sector (of mostly developed countries) with the aim of promoting economic development in the recipient country; to be rightfully classified as aid, the funds must be concessional and has a grant element of at least 25%. Aid in this context basically means the rich, developed countries providing the poor Third World with financial assistance so that the latter will have a much better economy. To ext rapolate it from there, the ultimate goal of aid would then be greater global economic equality or at least that is what it is promoting (Therien, 2002). Such an aid as we know it has been around for the past 70 years – ever since the United Nations and the World Bank (the recognized forerunners in multilateral aid agency) were

Kodak marketing 26-28' Digital photo frames Essay

Kodak marketing 26-28' Digital photo frames - Essay Example The tools employed will be the SWOT analysis, Pestels analysis and the five forces model. The analysis will lead to the discovery of marketing problems which will be solved using finding a new target market and proper positioning in that market. The paper will conclude with a market research plan to evaluate the success of the new market. This will be done for the 20-26 inch digital photo frames. Company background EastMan Kodak is a company which started in Newyork in the year 1880. The company presented the first camera in the hands of consumers in the year 1888 with the slogan "you press the button, we do the rest". Therefore the main aim of the company was to make photography as convenient as a pencil. (Kodak) The company was largely successful in doing so and developed different products for different market segments. The company currently operates in four segments which are photography, commercial imaging, health imaging and components. Its expertise lies in both types of imagi ng: traditional and digital, and it provides products, services and solutions for its customers in these arenas. Kodak tries to outperform its competitors in both digital technology and traditional forms of photography and realizes the threat which development of digital imaging presents to manufacturers and developers of 35mm. Thus its ultimate goal should be to become a market leader in digital imaging as it was in film based photography previously and to present such products in traditional imaging which are better than traditional products. The success of Eastman Kodak was due to an amalgamation of its inventive and marketing genius and more efforts like this are needed to regenerate this photography icon. The marketing expertise which made Kodak a household name was its catchy slogan along with the differential product mix which the company offered. By the end of the twentieth century Kodak had developed markets in France, Germany, Mexico, Brazil and the United Kingdom and its products were marketed by subsidiary companies in more than 150 countries. Kodak had virtually no competitors from its inception till the arrival of Fuji which was followed by Polaroid. The advent of new competitors coupled with the fact that the photographic film was becoming a less popular way of photography led to the company facing problems. By 2005, the company's share price had fallen considerably and the demand for its cameras and film rolls had also decreased considerably. The analog businesses were sliding irreversibly and Kodak tried becoming the digital forerunner. It closed its paper and printing plants, laid off jobs and went on a $3 billion shopping spree to gain technological expertise and resources for new product developments. (Eastman Kodak post 3Q profit) With the development of new products and the advent of new technology, new markets will have to be found and the products are to be rightfully targeted to those markets. Since the introduction of digital photo fr ames, the need for printing and processing a digital photo has been reduced as the image can be directly views. The proposed product is new as it is very large in size thus replacing the frames displayed in family houses. Audit Pest analysis Political environment The photography and imaging market faces a few challenges in the legal arena namely patent infringement issues and privacy issues. With high research budget and development it is very much possible that Kodak might use some other company's technology or its new technology might be used by its competitors leading to patent

Classification of Milk Essay Example for Free

Classification of Milk Essay Milk is important for both children and adults because it is a source of minerals, calcium, protein and phosphorus. Currently, there are different kinds of milk products in the market. Here are some types of milk based on the manufacturing process: -UHT Liquid Milk UHT is stands for Ultra High Temperature Processing or Ultra Heat Treatment. It is a way to sterilize food through to high heat process about 24 seconds at 135-140 degrees Celsius which the spores of milk is destroyed completely in that temperature. The high temperature pasteurization processes was first discovered in the 1960s by used with the milk know as UHT milk. UHT milk can be stored at room temperature for 6-10 months compared with pasteurized milk. UHT milk free of preservatives because the package is made in six layers to keep the milk remains in a sterile condition within a specified period without other chemicals. -Milk Pasteurization Pasteurized milk is raw milk that passed through the heat of not less than 60 Celsius for at least 30 minutes or uses the heat of not less than 73 degrees Celsius for 15 seconds. Pasteurized milk is only lasted for 14 days if not stored in the refrigerator with a temperature of 5-7 degrees Celsius. Pasteurized milk has fresh taste and features as the natural milk. -Milk Sterilization The milk will be sterilized by high heat at 120 degrees Celsius for 15 minutes and caused the whole bacteria die but the spores will still be growing. The sterilized milk is not suitable for children because some nutrients like Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C disappear during the heating process. The sterilized milk is usually packed in sealed metal cans so it can be kept up to 1-2 years and should be stored in the refrigerator after you open it to maintain the quality of milk. -Sweetened Condensed Milk 80 degrees Celsius warming conducted over three hours. It is condensed milk from which water has been removed and to which sugar has been added. It can last for year without refrigeration if unopened. Sweetened Condensed Milk is used for cooking rather than drinking. And it contains very high sugar so it should not to use to feed the baby. -Milk Powder It is a manufactured dairy product made by evaporating milk to dryness with a spray dryer or roller dryer is 200 degrees Celsius for two hours. The purpose of drying milk is to preserve it. It can be kept longer than the liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated. Milk has been one of the most widely consumed foods since a long time. However, it may not be benefiting us much, or may even be harming us. This paper of the advantages and disadvantages of milk can help you decide what kind of milk is the best for yourself and your family. Reference Admin (JUNE 6, 2011),Various Types of Milk : Based on The Manufacturing Process. Retrieved November,17 ,2011 from http://gorgeoushealthyme. com/various-types-of-milk-based-on-the-manufacturing-process/.

Communication With Colleagues At Work English Language Essay

Communication With Colleagues At Work English Language Essay Every day at work we have to communicate with colleagues.  Well, if people are nice, then communication has friendly character.  Unfortunately, this it is not always true.  Sometimes, one man can create tensions to the whole team, not only spoil the mood, but also to bring up such unpleasant consequences, such as dismissal.  But such people are sometimes enough to learn to communicate properly, and most of the problems will disappear by themselves. The first unpleasant character is a gossip.  As a rule, these people exude friendliness that initially influences positioning.  But if you submit to this provocation, and tell us about something personal, no later than tomorrow, all your secrets will become public.  A friend shared with colleagues his dream: I want to accumulate some money and buy a car.  Two days later, when the entire department received bonuses, his bonus was much smaller than the amount of the rest.  On the timid questions addressed to the magistrate: Why it happened there wasnt any criticism of my work? Boss was hinted that this employee has a lot of money; because he is going to buy a car.  So, before you speak frankly with the person, look at this issue more closely. Another very unpleasant type of people are brawlers.  They cannot live peacefully, so as constantly need some enemy, even if it is fictional.  Such people are poisoned by the existence of relatives at home and at work colleagues.  A quarrel or explanation of the relationship is not needed.  It is enough to have one hint, even a look and youre waiting for the next flash of anger.  Talking to such people is useless.  The best way is to ignore them completely, but not for the effect, otherwise it will be another cause for scandal.  If suddenly there appears a brawler and has attention on you, at the outset of the conflict it would be better to pretend that suddenly remembered a very important matter, apologize and leave. Returning 15 minutes later, youll probably see that the brawler is calm and even forgot that he wanted to clarify relations with you.  If this method fails, you can try to show such a colleague involved.  Usually, its discouraging such people, and they once and for all leave you alone, as they used to feel like winners, and the role of victim does not suit them. According to Peter Clarke (2005), the main purpose of communication between people is to reach mutual understanding. But its not easy to do.  Why do some people with us communicate easily, and others difficult?  Why with someone we get along, but with someone all the time we quarrel?  Clearly, much easier is to establish relationships with the person with whom there is so-called common ground.   In the art of communication, it is very important to be able to listen and understand someone with whom you speak.  Explaining the people of your intentions and ideas from which you start at the same time, you will be able to prevent many misunderstandings, quarrels and conflicts.  Honesty in a conversation with someone it is often the only way out of conflict.  But the truth must speak out not to humiliate the interlocutor, but rather to elevate his own in his own eyes and to clarify your position. What hinders and what facilitates communication?  Causes of misunderstanding between people can be different: political, religious beliefs, worldview, and psychological characteristics.  However, the main reason lies in the inability to hear each other.  The most important part of communication is listening skills.  If a person listens attentively to his companion, then he is brought up, delves into the problem of the speaker and the like help him properly formulate their t houghts.  Communication is a complex process; it is influenced by various factors: mood; set of circumstances; the nature of man; his sociability; conversely; shyness.  Depending on the type of communication, formal or informal, it is necessary to choose the right demeanor, tone, gestures, words and expressions. According to Carole Hodges (2009), informal communication is communication at home, with parents and friends, formal at work, while studying, with unfamiliar people.  In conversation, we often assume what interferes with understanding.  This is the usage of offensive words and phrases, offensive nicknames, unnecessary cuts.  Attention signs facilitate interpersonal relationships and can soothe and have a lasting impact.  Hello, thank you, please, sorry    these are the simple words have power over our moods.  It is important that they are always present in communication between people at work, in public places. So what is the culture of communication?  If a person is competent to express his thoughts, then he is able to behave with respect for the other party, we say that this man owns a culture of communication. There are rules, implementation of which helps to establish good relations with people: Communication on equal terms, without being coarse and subservience. Respect for the personal opinion of the interlocutor; Lack of desire to find out who is right and who is to blame; Community-level requests, not orders; Search for compromise solutions; The ability to appreciate the decision of another; Ability to accept the experience of others. If a person does not know how to join in the conversation, you should choose any interesting topic for conversation and the time when the person to whom addressed, not occupied any work.  Always remember that the other person is not like you, and we must be able to see things through his eyes, especially in conflict situations.  Respect for the individual is impossible without respect for his point of view, even if it does not converge with yours.  Cultivation ones respect for the people can only be if you learn to see each person individually, that is, those traits that are unique to him. According to Harriet Meyerson (2005), each of us is worthy of respect.  Respecting the other, you respect yourself. Psychologists give good advice, which is: do not forget about the interests of your contact.  Your lively and sincere interest in doing what he is interested in, because he will have animation and enthusiasm. There are some important rules of open and honest conversation with inconvenient companion to be aware of both adults and adolescents: use the word I.  Since the phrase with the words: From my point of view or The way I see it , you are relaxed in conversation and show the other party that there was only my point of view, no claim to ultimate truth.  Thus you will recognize the right to have your own opinion.  Surely, you will listen to people a lot calmer and more attentively. Also, trying to show the other person that his conduct is in the first place. In order to create conditions under which an adult would want to change your behavior, you must try to explain how much they lose in life because of his own behavior. There is a possibility also to ask the other person to change behavior.  It can be explained to him exactly what he can do in this situation in order to fix it.  It is possible that, because you do not want to offend him, it will be quite difficult to tell hi m the truth.  But remember: silent, you can cause him harm. Of course, someone can say that such way of building relationships is too long, but it takes much less time, energy and emotions than the communication of action-reaction, because such talk does not give any result.  Most often, honesty is the best policy in dealing with people.  Its amazing how often we are beginning to communicate with the cunning strategies and tactics while forgetting to try at first just to speak openly.  Honest dialogue is the most effective, simple and reliable means for turning conflict into cooperation. Now I would like to elaborate on the concept of informal communication. Each of us has his own experience of friendship at work.  Although the prospects for such relationships many consider skeptical.  And no wonder!  Informal communication between colleagues suggests a greater openness, the ability to strike a balance between personal and work, the adoption of the inevitable differences in the credentials and prospects (the difference in salary levels of access to information, the rate to move up the career ladder).  Hard tests for the friendship What do you do?  Without claiming to be comprehensive, lets try to answer this eternal question. We must admit that informal communication is an important mechanism that contributes to the relationship between people in any group.  Formally, we will call the communication that takes place in accordance with rules, regulations and instructions, existing in your organization or its subdivision and subject to address the specific challenges facing you. Informal communication this is your kind of relationship with another person, based on mutual acceptance of personal qualities and virtues, which implies a certain level of understanding, harmony, psychological closeness.  It is in these respects satisfies the need for self-realization within the framework of this work, respect and acceptance. According to Stephen Rampur (2010), informal relationships exist on two levels of psychological closeness: the primary and rational. Primary level represents already the impression with the first contact (long acquaintance is not required, a feeling that you know a person a hundred years).  It is characterized by high spontaneity of emotional perception, unawareness and little amenable to volitional regulation.  Rational level is based on an understanding of the similarities attitudes, values, norms and life experiences.  It occurs at a certain stage of relations with the man, understood and controlled by us. It is believed, that a relationships based on shared values and interests are more stable at work rather than relationships based on likes and dislikes.  If you look closely at your existing team of informal relations, they are likely to be secured in one of five forms of interaction: Couple represents the two people that are mutually sympathetic to each other.  Often, one of them is a supplement or companion of another. Triangle shows three people sympathizing with each other, and make up his small, yet very close core group. Square can be formed as a collection of pairs, the relationship between them does not necessarily have the same intensity. Chain is a linear relationship between several people, which under certain conditions can become a source of rumors. Star is based on one leader opinion, to whom are approached several members of the team. Each of these forms of informal communication in one way or another arises in any workplace with a specific purpose namely, the best adaptation to its internal rules and laws of existence. According to Jeanne Segal (2007), in every company, as in any formal group, there are informal relations, which largely determine the climate and the internal atmosphere in the team. Thus, friendships at work and at its end, cooperation and mutual help shape a healthy psychological climate in the company and provide a basis for the development of each member organization and collective as a whole. Psychologists believe that friendship is very good for business if the business grows out of shared interests.  There is no matter how closely you communicate with people on a personal level, formal relations are sensitive, which cannot be discounted.  There is always a risk that one of the friends will show himself as a traitor.  Elucidation of relationships, mutual resentment and claims become the property of the whole team. As a result, suffers a general matter, and friendship.  But the forecast could be optimistic, if a working friendship follows the main rule to clearly separate personal and business interests. That is why, if you are not sure whether that will be able to muster the necessary tact, and comply with the above restrictions, it is better not to take risks and work with friends  in different companies. Taking into consideration mentioned above, I would like to make a conclusion. To be in harmony with yourself and the people around you, you need to create an atmosphere of mutual understanding at work, to build up contacts. Often we get tired, cant avoid conflict situations.  Everybody has many reasons to spoil relations with colleagues. We cannot avoid difficulties at work, because difficult, controversial issues will always exist.  But we can learn the ability to keep ourselves in hand, to live in harmony with people close to us. What is the basis of art communication and what methods to use? First of all, try to relate friendly to everybody; try to create an atmosphere of comfort among friends and colleagues. Do not transfer your home problems to your colleagues.  If you feel stress, or fatigue, use relaxation techniques. Endurance helps to behave you correctly in a conflict situation.  In general, avoid emotional showdown, do not engage in protracted disputes.  But if a conflict occurs, try not to develop it calmly and analyze what can be done to normalize the situation.  Be prepared to compromise for the sake of good relations. In communicating with colleagues, try to be genuinely interested in their affairs, to help when needed.  Listen more than talk.  Limit the desire to condemn anyone who made a mistake.  If you have to solve a complex issue in the service or at home, do not transfer responsibility to others, to develop the habit of self-confident action. Continuing to study the literature on how to work on them, improve their psychological stability.  Perhaps this knowledge will help you choose the right course of action, and will contribute to a pleasant chat with colleagues.

Annotation: Dante?s Inferno, Page 81, L 31 to Page 82, L 63 :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The encounter between Dante, the main character, and Filippo Argenti, a member of the condemned, deals with Dante’s response to Argenti’s place in hell, his disdain for Argenti, and his symbolic rejection of sin by his actions. Dante has no sympathy towards Argenti even though Argenti is condemned to stay in the slimy River of Styx until the Judgment. Dante holds great animosity towards Argenti carried on from conflicts they have had in life to the putrid circles of hell. The hostility Dante demonstrates marks his progression in his journey of purification. With his unprecedented denouncement of a sinner, Dante has proven his journey through hell has not been traveled in vain, but effectively to cleanse his sins from his soul.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dante reacts with curses upon hearing the calling of Filippo Argenti. As Dante crosses the River of Styx on a boat with his guide, Virgil, Argenti cries out to Dante from the river for Argenti had recognized a live man on the boat. Upon identifying his partner in conversation, Dante changes his tone and curses Argenti. Dante says, â€Å"May you [Argenti] weep and wail to all eternity, for I know you, hell-dog, filthy as you are.† Dante explicitly curses Argenti, inducing other sinners also condemned to the River of Styx to attack Argenti. As Argenti wails in response to the attack, Dante sails away and thanks God that â€Å"the loathsome spirit† is mangled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dante’s actions display a great disdain for Argenti, which had been brought into hell from life on the world above. Dante curses Argenti with rage and strong resentment, obvious evidence that Dante and Argenti do not get along. Dante denounces Argenti and refers to him as a hell-dog. Dante has such immense contempt for Argenti that he refuses to even speak his name. In life, Dante and Argenti had been bitter political enemies, and Dante’s sharp remarks are meant to insult Argenti and his political group. Dante took special measures to make his disdain for Argenti as clear as possible.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By denouncing a sinner, Argenti, for the first time, Dante has shown evidence of purification. Because denouncing a sinner is an acknowledgement of a sin, the sin is expelled. Thus, Dante purifies himself of being wrathful from his own soul by denouncing Argenti. Dante’s journey through the first five circles of hell has hardened Dante’s heart towards sinful men.

Androgynous Hate :: Marilyn Manson Rock Essays

Androgynous Hate â€Å"Please proceed, only if you are prepared to confront Satan himself,† warns a Christian web site devoted to educating Christian youth on today’s hot-button issues such as pornography and pre-marital sex (Christian Family Network). But what the authors of this web page are referring to is not the abandonment of morals by today’s teens. They are naming a singular music artist to be a current incarnation of the primal evil; they refer to the man born as Brian Warner, but known by teenagers everywhere as Marilyn Manson. Marilyn Manson fronts a music rock band of the same name that in no uncertain terms preaches hate for everything: hate for family, hate for government, hate for society, hate for religion, and to some, the most threatening of all, hate for self. â€Å"I’d hate the hater, I’d rape the raper,† screams Manson on the opening track of his Anti-Christ Superstar album (Manson). Appropriately titled â€Å"Irresponsible Hate Anthem,à ¢â‚¬  this song characteristically lashes out criminals and victims alike, his message leaving nothing but battered psyches in its wake. Visual images projected by the band use death, grotesque rotting flesh, evil countenances and androgynous sexuality to shock and revolt. At one concert a hermaphroditic Manson dons a gas mask whose air supply is attached to his two guitarists’ penises. If a fan cannot get to a concert, they need not fear. Simply load Marilyn’s latest album, Holywood, into a computer and those with an Internet connection are treated to a multi-media presentation of a human brain being removed in an autopsy. Like a Sam Rami horror movie, the viewer cannot quite believe what they are seeing and watches with the same rapt fascination reserved for a train wreck or airplane crash. It is hard to imagine that this is anything more than an act, but the Church of Satan takes it seriously. The Church made Marilyn Manson an honorary Reverend saying that he is â€Å"the most satanic performer in popular music today,† (MTV News). This dubious accolade seems to fit Manson fine, as he currently prefers to be addressed as â€Å"Reverend.† Marilyn Manson uses this revolting imagery coupled with an unacceptable message of hate to sell record albums, however, he truly feels marginalized by society. That Marilyn Manson has an intentionally shocking presentation goes without saying. But this satanic superstar has another side; a subtle, darker, humanity constantly wounded by media hounding and the overt repulsion displayed by everyone, including his fans.

Euthanasia :: Death Ethics Morals Papers

Euthanasia Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issues affecting all realms of society and needs to be closely examined. In order to delve deep enough into the issue, the religious, legal, cultural, ethical, medical, and spiritual ramifications of euthanasia from both proponents and opponents of euthanasia need to be explored. The following discussion of euthanasia will inform people about euthanasia and to help them draw their own conclusions. I. Introduction Euthanasia comes from the Greek and means "painless, happy death." Webster defines it as "an easy and painless death, or, an act or method of causing death painlessly so as to end suffering: advocated by some as a way to deal with victims of incurable disease." Yet one more group, the Euthanasia Society, defines euthanasia as "termination of human life by painless means for the purpose of ending severe physical suffering." What is euthanasia on a more intimate level? Some call euthanasia "mercy killing" an others call it murder. Euthanasia is one of the most controversial issues affecting all realms of society and needs to be closely examined. In order to delve deep enough into the issue, the religious, legal, cultural, ethical, medical, and spiritual ramifications of euthanasia from both proponents and opponents of euthanasia need to be explored. The following discussion of euthanasia will inform people about euthanasia and to help them draw their own conclusions. What should people know about euthanasia before deciding how they view euthanasia? To clarify matters, there are two types of euthanasia, passive and active. Both have the end result of ending the life of a terminally ill person. Passive euthanasia can range from discontinuing life-sustaining medical treatment (such as removing patients who cannot breath on their own from a respirator) to giving pain medications such as morphine in amounts that have the side effect of hastening death (6). Active euthanasia is a direct act by a physician or other person that has the purpose of ending a life. It is often done by giving the patient a lethal chemical injection or IV drip or by inhaling a deadly gas (10). Euthanasia is such a controversial topic because it brings forth questions about the morality of killing, the effectiveness of consent, the duties of physicians, and equity in the distribution of resources (1).

Communication an organisations Essay

This assessment is to demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of the topics taught in leading and motivating a team effectively module of the ILM Level 3 Course in Leadership and Management. The document will be split into two main sections, the first section will focus on how to communicate an organisations vision and strategy to the team as well as provide an analysis on its importance. The second section will look at the role motivation in the development of a team. Section 1: How to communicate an organisations vision and strategy to the team One of the definitions of the word team (in its verb form) is, come together to achieve a common goal (Oxford University Press, 2014). It is this common goal or purpose that turns a group of individuals into a team without a common purpose or goal to strive toward a team cannot function effectively. For example in a football team each player needs to know their place and role in the team, but also the strategy and vision for wider team, is the team an attacking team, a defensive team, do they attack via the wings etc. without knowing the common goal of the team the players will look to their own role and not know how to support the wider team and therefore are less likely to achieve their common goal. The same holds true within an organisation not just at an individual person level but at a departmental level, if teams do not know the wider vision or strategy of the organisation they can become siloed and retreat upon themselves and just focus on delivering the â€Å"day job† rather than support the organisation in a more holistic role. With the above in mind, it’s clear to see that for a team to perform it needs clarity in its purpose, and from a business point of view this should be given by the vision and strategy of the organisation. The vision tells us what the organisation wants to be, it doesn’t focus on the how that is the role of the strategy, the vision is a simple statement of what it wants to achieve. Below is an example vision statement from Amazon. â€Å"Our vision is to be earth’s most customer-centric company where customers can find and discover anything they might want to buy online†¦ at the lowest possible prices.† It’s a fairly short statement but allows staff and managers to know that the focus of Amazon is on three things †¢Being Customer Focused †¢Providing Online Services †¢Cost effectiveness (for Amazon and the customer) With the vision clearly stated it helps teams understand the direction in which the organisation wants to go, the next step is to explain how team fits in this vision and will help deliver it. Once the vision of an organisation is understood, it’s important about going about explaining how it will achieve this and this is referred to as the strategy. The strategy should be a series of plans that detail how elements of the vision will be achieved; for example Amazon’s vision could be split into two strategies; being customer centric and providing online services with cost effectiveness being a theme that runs across both strategies. These plans would then be broken down into more tactical detail such as action plans and SMART objectives to be carried out an operational level. For example a call centre team will have several objectives/KPI such as Calls answered in less than 5 seconds in a given month or First Time Call Resolution 95% (Year to Date), which without much explanation simply look like tools to ensure staff are doing their jobs when in fact they are SMART objectives that relate to the customer focused strategy of Amazon’s vision and how effec tively that strategy is working. It is the performance of these objectives that dictate future strategy, poor performance may result in a change of strategy (i.e. outsourcing) where as good performance could result in the current strategy being maintained or even expanded (i.e. expansion to provide alternative services) and as such it is vital that staff are informed not only of their objectives and targets but how and why they exist, and what their overall effect on the business is. As we can see the role the vision and strategy plays in the performance of a team or individual is huge but it can be a two edged sword if the vision and strategy are either poorly communicated, misunderstood or simply unknown. As such communication is key, to ensure that the common sense and purpose that the vision and strategy provides is embedded and understood. There are many methods of communication available within an organisation in aid of establishing a common purpose, but the first method is that the vision statement should be one that staff and customers can relate too and  understand, if the vision doesn’t make sense the job to communicate it to staff will be twice as hard. A good basis for ensuring good communication is using the seven principles of communication; to ensure the message is clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete and naturally courteous. Once the message has been developed, it’s a matter of choosing the medium in which it is delivered; there are various methods such as email, telephone, meetings, seminars, presentation, 1-2-1s, newsletters all of which to be effective must be used at the right time and place. As the vision is a supposed to provide a common purpose and understanding of what the company wants to be, it suggests that the best way to communicate this message is via more group/communal methods such as Team meetings, Away days or newsletters where the same message can be relayed to multiple staff at a time and avoids confusion or contamination of the key messages trying to be delivered, that can occur in mores personal communications such as 1-2-1 meetings. For example a team meeting where a contact centre manager for Amazon relays the vision of the company and how the team’s work fits in and helps deliver it to their 10 staff, is likely to be more effective than having 10 1-2-1 sessions in which they deliver they try to deliver the same message which is likely to alter between sessions due to personal relationships coming into play, more two way conversation disrupting the flow of the message, the recipient choosing to understand the message how they see it rather than how it was said and then finally the confusion that can occur when team members compare conversations. This is not to say that group communication is always the best method to use as it does also have its downsides such as; it’s less likely people will ask questions in team/group meetings and could result in misunderstandings/confusion, if the person delivering the message is not clear and does not understand the message being delivered it will have a negative impact on the recipients, they can become side tracked by issues that arise during the meeting and people forget the message being delivered. My own skills actually lend themselves to small groups or 1-2-1 sessions as I struggle to manage wider groups at times, especially when the meeting goes off topic or several conversations start within the meeting. However as I only manage two staff at the moment this hasn’t hampered my ability to communicate a common sense of purpose to my staff as I have my own concepts on what our role is in the  business, however as highlighted in our learner session in July we did struggle as a group to find the group’s vision and strategy, which in itself is a failing in that without knowing the true vision and strategy of the business how can I communicate that to my staff and could potentially be providing them with a purpose that is counter to the organisations own goals. In reflection this had led me to book in some time to read the new business plan, and in readiness I’ve booked a team meeting together with my staff to go over it and highlight were we as a team fit in it. I’ve also took some time recently to review our action plans and KPI’s on Covalent, which is a software we use to link action plans and KPI’s together to strategies to see how our objectiv es are linked to the wider organisation and through that hopefully provide better clarity and coherent information to my staff. Hopefully my management of meetings will improve through this course, as one of the modules in on managing meetings effectively. In conclusion I use to think my communication skills were quite good, however through this exercise I’ve noted that while my method of delivery and communication style may be good it doesn’t mean much if you don’t truly know the message you are trying to convey which until I’m up to speed on the business plan and our place in it I can’t say I know what that message should be without retreating into the â€Å"day job† which as mentioned at the beginning is a symptom of a team who doesn’t know the organisations vision or strategy. Section 2: Know how to motivate and develop the team Section 2.1: Describe the main motivational factors in a work context and how these may apply to different situations, teams and individuals. There are multiple models and theories for motivation such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, Acquired Needs Theory by McClellan and Two Factor Theory by Hezberg to name a few and while most can be used to explain motivational factors in a work context some such as Maslow’s and Alderfer’s theory require more adaption or to make it fit as such I’ll be using Hezberg’s Two factor theory to describe the main motivational factors in the work context. According to Herzberg, two kinds of factors affect motivation,  and they do it in different ways: Hygiene factors: These are factors that are taken for granted and can be seen as having no positive satisfaction by themselves, however if they were taken away would cause a dramatic down turn in morale and motivation. An example is a policy of free tea and coffee for staff by itself unlikely to motivate staff but if it was removed would have a negative impact. Motivator factors: These are factors whose presence motivates. Their absence does not cause any particular dissatisfaction, it just fails to motivate. An example would be recognition at work for a job well done, achieving a promotion. Looking at the above it would seem that simply applying the motivator factors would cause an increase in motivation and simply ensuring the hygiene factors stayed in place is the sure fire way to succeed in motivating your staff, however the below example shows how by applying one rule to an individual can affect the team as a whole. Person A is doing a good job and as such you wish to increase motivation by recognising their work, which you do by offering a promotion/raise or bonus, this however can impact on the rest of the team as Pay and Benefits also come under Hygiene factors and as such by rewarding one and not everyone in the team this can cause a demotivation or job dissatisfaction. Section 2.2: Explain the importance of a leader being able to motivate teams and individuals and gain their commitment to objectives. Section 2.3: Explain the role that the leader plays in supporting and developing the team and its members and give practical examples of when this will be necessary

Global Warming Will Lower Sea Levels Essay

Those who are highlighting the danger of global warming would not hesitate to relate it to a high sea level rise simply because according to their premise when there is global warming it affects both the Arctic and Antarctic regions, whereby the melting ice will eventually raise the sea level. The IPCC, the UN branch office that deals with scientific research had predicted a 20 inches sea level rise around the year 2100 and it is obvious that it has based it findings on the above assumption. Other suggestions and analysis indicate that what will in fact happen is the opposite where the global warming if it is true will either slow down the level of sea rise or will reduce it. The new analysis looks at two factual findings. The fact that the Earth temperature had risen 0. 6 degree Celsius in the last 100 years and the sea level had risen by 18 cm. What these analysts are focusing at is there is no relation between the two and especially the rise in sea level occurred independent of what happened to the temperature to a larger extent. What contributed to the rise of the seal level to 18 centimeters starts from the thermal expansion of the warming water body, especially the oceans and that contributed to 4 cm. What comes next is the melting of the so-called continental glaciers that accounted for 3. 5 cm rise level. The polar regions contributed to the lowering of the sea level simply because the warming of the temperature has evaporated more water and some of it rains in the Polar Regions adding to the amount of ice on these regions, hence there will be less water in the seas. But the findings highlight one shortcoming which is that the total amount of rise through the two activities adds up to only 20 percent of the total amount giving hint that there should be other sources contributing to the rise of the sea level other than the current global warming. What this led to was to depend on geological observations that revealed the sea level had been rising constantly for the last centuries at a rate similar to the last 100 years. Accordingly, there was sea level rise in the Little Ice Age from 1450 to 1850 indicating that if there were going to be a sea level rise it would be independent of what is happening in the environment. It was possible to arrive at such hypothesis using a data published on the melting of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet tracing it back to the end of the last ice age. Hence, the conclusion arrived at was since there had been a 120 meters rise in sea level since the last ice age that took place 18,000 years ago, the melting is still in process and will continue to do so for the coming 7000 years independent of what is going to happen to the present day temperature. What could change this course might be the arrival of another Ice Age, which is not in the prediction. In reality it is possible to say that a global warming caused by human activity cannot contribute to the rise of sea level since the record shows the climate warmed much between 1900 and 1940 and cooled down from 1940 – 1975. The outcome was the sea level rise slowed when the temperature was warmer and it increased when it was colder. The relation here is the two components thermal expansion and glacier melting had a lesser effect on the sea rise level when compared to the ice accumulation on the Polar Regions from the rain caused from warmer weather. Hence, it is possible to make a firm conclusion that warmer air or the current global warming will not contribute to the rising level of the sea. Instead, as it was illustrated it will bring it down by simply changing the amount of water into ice and depositing it on the Polar Regions. In spite of this analysis, the findings based on computer simulation try to demonstrate that the warming of the global temperature due to human induced activities will result in raising the sea level revealing that there is something wrong with such assumption (9). Conclusion In spite of the findings from various sources accurate, satellite measurement taken have not found any trace of global warming. Weather balloons also had shown similar findings. There are indications that the temperature had been rising starting form 1880 but such rise in temperature cannot be caused by greenhouse gases that are coming into existences from human induced activity mainly centered on burning of fossil oil and through the introduction of a developed and new method of land use. The other indication that shows the findings could be wrong is most of the measurements could reflect the temperature and air condition found closer to highly populated cities. All the feared outcomes of a high temperature brought into existence because of the greenhouse effect such as heat wave, hurricanes, or epidemic disease did not occur. If there had been a temperature rise to talk about, it was observed in the nighttime and winter season. Overall, it is possible to discredit the greenhouse apocalypse outright simply because it was not accompanied with all the catastrophic disasters that were predicted and anticipated (10). Even economists are wary of all the concerns simply because there might not be a discernable effect that will materialize from postponing the reduction of the greenhouse gas by another 20 years and see what the outcome will be. One of the reasons for that is meeting the greenhouse gas reduction effort would require getting rid of a big chunk of capital goods before they complete their useful life and that might not make economical sense for something that lacks scientific proof. But there is no doubt that such plans could be part of a long term process of any undertaking and the burden could also be eased as new technologies pertaining to the warming of the globe become readily available. The Kyoto Protocol itself would cost between $7 and $12 billion annually if it is implemented, a sum everyone is not comfortable with, simply because implementing the Protocol alone would cost each household up to $2000 annually and could raise home heating cost by at least 70 percent. Since people, especially those living in the advanced regions are heavily dependant on energy for their day-to-day living, raising the cost permanently to any extent would have a devastating effect, even if energy price is already very high. The only relief is since it fluctuates consumers could stretch their earnings whenever possible. It is possible to take it a bit further and see that if the assumption that the global temperature is rising to a dangerous level is true, a simple cost introduction of raising the federal fuel economy standard from 27. 5 miles to more than 40 miles itself will be costly, since it is such kinds of drastic measures that will bring down the amount of the greenhouse effect as automobiles are the worst source of pollution. The domino effect of such measures will lead to raising the price of cars, while at the same time such cars would have to be compact reducing the safety of cars that is feared to raise the number of fatalities form where it is currently at 4000 annually. The fact that the findings are heavily dependant on observation and computer simulation makes the concern a bit groundless since carbon dioxide is not a deadly gas to have in the atmosphere after all. The reason for that is the more carbon dioxide there is in the atmosphere it adds to thriving of plants that have various use for it. It is not only that if what is said about the meltdown is true that is another advantage for agriculture since there will be more land to put into agriculture that will lead to more foods in the world even if there is no proof that there is shortage of food in the regions where the land is covered with ice sheet. Other areas that would benefit from global warming are those who live in areas where the winter season is cold and long. Regions like that could enjoy longer summer seasons, which would mean longer growing period that will add to the amount of food produced. There are findings that the warmer weather is also good for the health of people in such a way that medical cost in most of the cold regions would come down and the quality life of in such regions would get enhancement. The fear centered on the rise of the sea level that would come into existence when the ice from the Polar Regions melts because of the warm climate for the most part is groundless. The reason for that is the warm weather heats the water from the sea changing it into vapor that will come down as rain. The rainfall that takes place in the Polar Regions would not find its way back into the seas, instead it would add on the amount of ice that is already in existence in the region. This process has dual advantages where the first one is it will add to the amount of ice in the Polar Regions defying the fear that the warming of the climate is causing the ice of the region to melt. Secondly, the amount of seawater will come down through the process since some of it will become ice. Hence, it is possible to say that the warming of the climate is good for the Polar Regions since they would get more ice through the natural process. That might have some disadvantages in other areas, because the melting of the ice from the Polar Regions is not without a merit. One of the merit is this particular harsh region could become more habitable where there will be more lands opened for farming, for housing, and industrial development leading to a huge economic activity that will boost the outcome in agriculture and other venues. At the same time, there is an observation concerning the opening of new routes that will be advantageous for trade as well for the tourist industry. However, one disadvantage cited was it might affect the wildlife of the region where, for example, the polar bear is on the list to become extinct at the end of this century. Since the presumption is it will take many centuries for the ice of the whole region to melt away, the only inconvenience wildlife might encounter is going farther to where the dense ice is located. This by itself is advantageous since some of the wildlife is becoming a threat by coming closer to where there are human inhabitants. Overall, since everything surrounding global warming is still a hypothesis that borders fear, where if some measure is not in place now the future could be disastrous and could become out of control, it is not possible to fully rely on the grim pictures that the alarmists are painting. The reality is life goes on normally in the regions even if a few incidents of melting ice sheets into the sea had occurred. The answer for such incidents is it is the outcome of the weather variation where in the summer time it is natural that the level of the ice could get thinner in the edge area and when the winter season is around it will again attain its thickness. The proof for this is there is not yet any documentation where because of global warming the inhabitants of the area had gained more access to land for farming or for any other purpose. The outcome is the same from observations made in other areas where none of the feared apocalyptic fears had taken place. Nevertheless, if the weather becomes warmer cold regions could rip numerous advantages that include less death toll, better health, and better living condition since the summer season is short in these regions. That alone contributes to a much shorter food growing and recreation season. Other than that, if there is call for action, there is none better than to exert more effort to come up with a concrete scientific proof in the place of the presumption that is prevalent now. What the existing finding avails for the world is there are concerned groups that are claiming that there is a global warming that is causing the sea level to rise and is contributing to the melting of the ice caps, which is the habitat of wildlife such as polar bears that are feared to become extinct in the beginning the year 2100. The other major concern is the reducing of the greenhouse gases, which has a very high price tag attached to it. The findings will have to lean fully on scientific findings that would require more funding and time, but the cost involved might not be equivalent to what businesses are fearing to incur in the coming few years simply to meet certain standards that are believed to contribute in controlling the emission of certain gases into the atmosphere. If the implemented measures are scientific it will be worth the effort, otherwise it will be a waste of resources. Currently, since there is no settled scientific proof there is a division in the public’s opinion where the number of people who do not believe in global warming is much higher, no matter how inundated they are by the media and environmental groups. This might have a serious effect simply because it is the same people who cannot be convinced about the pollution level that is prevalent who are responsible in various ways to add to the pollution problem. Educating them based on hypothesis will also make the job difficult because the message they would get from such effort would vary. Another problem cited was that the existing effort through the Kyoto Protocol is to bring down the emission level back to where it was in the 1990s a premise that does not make sense since there might not be an accurate measurement in place that shows what level the emission was before the 1990s. Such shortcomings highlight that the primary effort should focus on finding a settled scientific consensus and after that, the effort of popularizing a concept based on hypothesis might dwindle down. REFERENCE 1. Bailey, R. (2004, November). Two Sides of The global warming: Is It Proven Fact or Just Conventional Wisdom? Reason Magazine. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://www. reason. com/news/show/34939. html 2. UN Report, Global Warming Caused by Human Activity. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from www. newstarget. com/021565. html

Communication Exersise Formal Report Essay

By Business Consultant Executive summary: Mirror Image needs an overhaul in communication between management and workers. After collecting information collected through the CEO and a resent staff survey, it is apparent that certain things are restricting good communication. With the help of great pre-existing research this report identifies several major issues. Distrust of management has led to limited communication, as the workers feel this protects them. I suggest this course of action: 1. Create a transparent workplace and reassure staff about future redundancies. 2. Invest in communication courses for managers that deal with open conversation. 3. Actively encourage ‘two way’ communication between managers and workers. 4. Promote team leaders (foremen) that communicate well. This report was commissioned by the CEO and will help identify the communication problems at Mirror Image, particularly between factory workers and managers. Firstly the report will bring together relevant information on the subject, secondly identify the problems with provided information and lastly it will suggest some causes of action to help improve communications at IM. 2.0 Analysis of communication: 2.1 Literature review: Communication Managers need more than technical skills, communication is a leaders main channel for inspiration and engagement, whilst helping avoid serious problems. Communication classes for management have been proven effective by large pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca, large amounts of evidence suggest educating managers about communication is very beneficial (Walters & Norton 2007). Communication classes for management can be tailored to address concerns. It’s usually hard to identifying issues resulting in poor communication. Luckily there is a wealth of information on the subject. Newberry & Conrad (2010) delivered a journal dedicated to improving communication skills in the workplace. Relevance established, the authors list twenty four key communication guidelines to aim for. Relevant key ideas: * Initiate open Discussion(Organizational communication) * Create information networks â€Å" * Provide feedback â€Å" * Building trust(Interpersonal, involve positive verbal/non-verbal communication) Trust is gained by a manager, when subordinates have certainty about events. Certainty gained from open discussion, where both parties have a say. Trust leads to increased productivity (Bach, 2006). â€Å"The best disinfectant is sunshine (Allen, 2012)† Power Bases Gupta and Sharma (2008) believe Power bases play a pivotal role in worker compliance. They make a distinction between harsh power bases (HPB) and soft power bases (SPB). They conclude that SPB are more effective in conjunction with quality communication then HPB. The SPB categories are expert, referent, information and dependence legitimacy. The HPB categories are coercion, reward, position legitimacy (French & Raven 1959). Silence The theory ‘the spiral of silence’ by Noelle-Neumann (1974) talks about how in groups, individuals will not raise comments or arguments, when they feel their views aren’t shared by the other members. The idea is important when considering employee involvement in the decision making process. Silence also occurs when there are trust issues. If someone believes what they say will be used against them, they will remain silent. Comment made by UK charity ‘Public Concerns at Work’, in a UK newspaper: â€Å"The knowledge that there is a culture of silence in the workplace both encourages and shields the corrupt and dishonest (stern, 2008).† In this instance the negligence of management was extreme. However silence can still facilitate negligence in management, no matter the severity. Therefore, silence in its adolescence is bad, if left untreated it could turn into something much worse. When participants in an organization discuss issues at meetings, certain points should be taken into account. Levasseur (1995) provides ten points, the relevant ones are: 2. Agree on a shared purpose. 4. Record ideas, issues and agreements. 6. Manage tasks and teamwork simultaneously. 7. Answer 4 key questions about every agenda topic. 8. Decide on next steps as a group. This list highlights the fact that communication is a ‘two way street’. Silence occurs in Organisations when these recommendations are not met. 2.2 Staff survey: (full results can be found in the appendix) The staff survey highlighted serious problems, with MI’s factory workers. The majority of workers gave a negative response to nearly every question. The workers seem to be more aware of the issues then the managers. The survey provided an anonymous outlet for factory workers where there previously wasn’t one. The survey should therefore be regarded as an accurate representation of worker/manager views. However some questions contain results that suggest ‘attribution errors’. Attribution errors effect perceptions of positive or negative situations, and whether it’s internalised or externalised (Philip, 1985), evidence will not be taken from these afflicted questions. Figure [ 1 ]~ 60% of workers believe they are insufficiently educated on their job role. Workers don’t receive enough instruction about their specific role in the company. This leads to enormous inefficiencies, as workers are left to pick up the pieces. Figure 2 ~60% of workers do not have confidence in management. The lanes of communication needed are not there. A workplace without trust is inefficient. Figure [ 3 ] ~80% of workers are prevented from voicing their concerns. Workers are scared that what they say will be viewed favourably. They are also worried about getting fired. They are already inherently disadvantaged, because their only form of vertical communication is ‘logical persuasion’. Figure 4 A lot of managers don’t involve workers. Decisions are probably made without them knowing. The workers probable feel helpless. Figure 5 All managers consider themselves approachable. Question three was the most unanimous result from the entire survey. This suggests managers don’t openly discourage communication. They most discourage communication other ways. They are in positions of power, making them more accountable then individual workers. 2.3 Case Study: Mirror Image shows a general lack of communication between management and their respective subordinates, brought about by distrust and fear. Management is distrusted because the workers fear clear communication will ultimately leave them jobless. Fear keeps what little interpersonal communication they have focused on safe subjects, like the ‘Rugby world cup’. Fear is a powerful tool used by harsher power bases. Managers at MI resort to harsh power bases because they come with the job (legitimate and coercive bases). Softer more progressive bases require reform and effort. The need for softer bases is evident in the formation of several factory leaders. One mentioned was ‘Rick’ who became a ‘go between’ for workers. Workers like Rick display reverent power that managers and the foreman lack. This is an obvious inefficiency. Effectively doubling the time spent communicating. The ‘spiral of silence’ impacts employees, because their ideas are not considered my management. Previously efforts in communication where hampered by an uninterested CEO. Relying on memo boards is extremely impersonal and should only be used for functional information. This lack of effective communication set a low standard for workers and managers, this caused the distrust between them. Managers didn’t involve workers and don’t ask for their opinions, while workers used inefficient mediums of exchange. The loss in productivity isn’t easy to quantify, however managers being disinterested in workers activities may further decrease productivity (Mayo, 1930). 3.0 Conclusion: MI has significant issues between factory workers and management. Brought about by lacklustre communication, the issues were mostly caused by distrust. When analysing the workers survey it was obvious that they sore serious problems with the way MI was run. NOT FINISHED 4.0 Recommendation: These recommendations will help managers and workers communicate more efficiently, remembering as CEO you should lead by example. Transparency should be deployed in every facet of the organisation, to tackle the large trust issues hampering communication. Start by reassuring staff that jobs will not be going under your leadership, making shore you don’t promise something you can’t keep. Try having reviewable performance evaluation  systems. If transparency is achieved certainty will result, certainty in time will bring a trusting workforce. Use communication classes to teach the basics, from subtle nonverbal communication to lifting the level of communication entirely (extensive list provided in index). Include shifting manager’s power bases from harsh to soft. Only bother teaching the managers as it will cost less, while achieving more. Managers should be encouraged to show an interest in the workers and the work they are doing. Managers should encourage ‘two way’ communication, make them answer employee questions fully. If they are not receiving questions have them rhetorically answer some of their own. Enforce these measures by increasing the transparency down the chain of command. Ask for updates on progress regularly. Removing the memo board is a good idea, in favour of orders being communicated down the chain of command, to ensure ‘two way’ communication. Only process information should be distributed through other mediums. Goals should be produced by both the workers and managers. This should reduce some of the ‘spiral of silence’ effects. Finally the team leaders (foremen) have proven to be a bottle neck in communication. Seek to promote workers who display natural ability to communicate. For example ‘Rick’ the employee mentioned by you would be a fine candidate. These leaders will hopefully bridge the gap between workers and management. 5.0 List of references: 1. Allen, Christopher J,D.V.M., J.D. 2012, â€Å"4 Ways to Provide Transparency in the Workplace†, DVM, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 54-55. 2. Bach, P. 2006, Workplace trust hard to gain, but consistency, transparency key, Washington, United States, Washington.(ProQuestID- 463161676) 3. Daniel A. Wren, Arthur G. Bedeian, John D. Breeze, (2002) â€Å"The foundations of Henri Fayol’s administrative theory†, Management Decision, Vol. 40 Iss: 9, pp.906 – 918 state: It was not until the Storr’s translation that Fayol’s (1949) 4. French, J. R. and B. Raven (1959). â€Å"The bases of social power.† Studies in social power 150: 167 5. Gupta, B. & Sharma, N.K. 2008, â€Å"Compliance with Bases of Power and Subordinates’ Perception of Superiors: Moderating Effect of Quality of Interaction†, Singapore Management Review, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1-24. (ProQuestID-226850816) 6. Levasseur, R.E. 1995, â€Å"Breaking the silence†, Successful Meetings, vol. 44, no. 13, pp. 61-61.(ProQuestID-206037363) 7. Mayo, Elton (1930). Hawthorne and the Western Electric Company. The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilisation. Routledge. 8. Newberry, R. & Conrad, D. 2010, â€Å"Identification of Outcome Based Business Communication Skills†, Allied Academies International Conference.Academy of Organizational Culture, Communications and Conflict.Proceedings, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 28-32.(ProQuestID- 807539416) 9. Noelle-Neumann, E.(1974) â€Å"The spiral of silence†: A theory of public opinion. Journal of Communication, 24, 43-3 10. Philip E. Tetlock. Sept 1985, â€Å"Accountability: A Social Check on the Fundamental Attribution Error†, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 227-236 11. Stern, S. Sept 9 2008, Pssst . . . get smart and wipe out whistleblowing, The Financial Times, United Kingdom 12. Walters, D. & Norton, D. 2007, â€Å"Leadership communication – the AstraZeneca way†, Strategic Communication Management, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 16-19. (ProQuestID-203573719) | | 6.0 Appendix: 6.1 Question from Survey: Factory Worker Questions 1. I have a clear idea about my job role. 2. I am satisfied with the performance evaluation system. 3. Sometime I’m given tasks without the required resources (including time and knowledge) to complete them. (possible attribution error) 4. I have confidence in the intentions of the top management team 5. I feel comfortable voicing my concerns to senior managers. 6. I have a voice in the organizational decision making process. 7. I trust the people with which I work 8. I am treated fairly at work 9. I am satisfied with my work. 10. I feel committed to this organisation Management Questions 1. I try to seek employees’ input when making decisions. 2. I tend to closely supervise my subordinates. 3. I consider myself an approachable manager(possible attribution error) 4. I tend to customize my communication with employees to fit specific situations 5. I consider my workplace as rather political 6. I am satisfied with my work. 7. I feel committed to this organisation 6.2 Results from Survey: | Workers n=100| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | q1| q2| q3| q4| q5| q6| q7| q8| q9| q10| Completely Disagree| 20| 15| 10| 35| 60| 72| 36| 23| 0| 5| Mostly Disagree| 40| 45| 15| 25| 20| 24| 25| 32| 19| 55| Neither| 20| 20| 10| 25| 10| 4| 30| 28| 52| 25| Mostly Agree| 10| 20| 40| 15| 10| 0| 9| 7| 23| 10| Completely Agree| 10| 0| 25| 0| 0| 0| 0| 10| 6| 5| | | | Managers n=20| | | | | | | | | q1| q2| q3| q4| q5| q6| q7| | Completely Disagree| 2| 0| 0| 3| 1| 0| 0| | Mostly Disagree| 7| 2| 0| 5| 2| 2| 3| | Neither| 10| 3| 0| 4| 3| 3| 3| | Mostly Agree| 1| 4| 0| 3| 5| 5| 5| | Completly Agree| 0| 11| 20| 5| 9| 10| 9| | 6.3Newberry & Conrad (2010) extensive list of valuable communication skills â€Å"Organizational Communication Skills 1. Initiating open discussion – the ability to create the act of discussion and dialogue exploring opposition by individuals who advocate their positions and convince others to adopt those positions through logic, argument, or debate 2. Resolving conflict – the ability to employ a range of processes aimed at alleviating or eliminating sources of conflict through processes including negotiation, mediation, and diplomacy 3. Creating information networks – the ability to design and institute formal or informal systems for managing the flow of information and providing person-to-person relationships through which information flows 4. Teaching important skills – the ability to provide skill remediation to employees in areas such as job performance, technical competency, interpersonal  communication, and problem solving 5. Using information technology – the ability to employ equipment (usually computers) that enables managers and staff to access ongoing and relevant company information including reports, planning data, and employee and customer feedback 6. Providing performance feedback – the ability to assess employee performance and provide performance feedback as a review of the performance of employees, which helps to set targets for future performance targets 7. Negotiating – the ability to produce an agreement upon courses of action, to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. 8. Writing business correspondence – the ability to produce written communication used in business including letters, memos, bulletins, and reports 9. Making convincing presentations – the ability to provide informal or formal talks delivered to decision making groups to convey information or make a point Leadership Communication Skills 1. Arousing enthusiasm – the ability to inspire a whole-hearted devotion to an ideal cause, study or pursuit, or merely being visibly excited about what one’s doing 2. Being a change catalyst – the ability to initiate change through provision of information to employees that will convince them of why a change is necessary and will compel them to embrace it 3. Creating group synergy – the ability to compel organizational members to interact and produce a joint effect that is greater than the sum of the members acting alone 4. Building team bonds – the ability to establish team cohesiveness, which is the extent to which members stick together and remain united in the pursuit of a common goal 5. Expressing encouragement – the ability to provide support and confidence raising or increasing one’s self-esteem and confidence to make choices and decisions 6. Providing motivation – the ability to move a person or group toward desired goals by increasing their willingness to exert effort and energy to achieve the goals 7. Being persuasive – the ability to guide people toward the adoption of an idea, attitude, or action by rational, and logical means relying on appeals rather than coercion 8. Building optimism – the ability to create a disposition or tendency to look on the more favorable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome despite obstacles and setbacks Interpersonal Communication Skills 1. Active listening – the ability to employ an intrapersonal and interactive process to actively focus on, interpret, and respond verbally and nonverbally to messages 2. Building rapport – the ability to create a harmonious relationship, bond, or kinship based on mutual respect, friendship, camaraderie, or emotional ties making someone feel comfortable and accepted 3. Demonstrating emotion self control – the ability to display balanced moods through retaining, mastering, and dominating one’s reactions provoked by pleasant or unpleasant emotion 4. Building trust – the ability to construct the reciprocal faith in others’ intentions and behavior through a shared belief that you can depend on each other to achieve a common purpose 5. Relating to people of diverse backgrounds – the ability to recognize and respect differences in people and communicate appropriately in verbal and nonverbal exchanges 6. Demonstrating respect – the abil ity to show esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person, a personal quality or ability, or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability 7. Building relationships – the ability to establish a relatively long-term association between two or more people based on liking, trust, and respect creating regular business interactions, interdependence, or some other type of social commitment (Newberry & Conrad 2010)†