Bone dissection Essay

The skeletal system is made up of cartilage and bone. Both bone and cartilage are connective tissues, that is, they are composed of cells in a matrix with intracellular fibers. Just imagine connective tissue as a gelatin salad with grapes and coconut. The grapes would represent cells, the gelatin the support material for matrix, and the pieces of coconut the intracellular fibers. By changing the amounts of each ingredient and adding extra substances, we can produce a material that is very hard like bone and can withstand weight or softer like cartilage which can be used as a cushioning material. In this exercise, we will examine a fresh raw chicken bone to study bone structure. Materials Note: To complete both experiments, you will need two raw chicken bones. Each experiment requires a separate bone. Fresh chicken leg bone Knife Procedure 1. Carefully remove the skin and muscles from the bone as you do this, note the way that muscles are attached.. 2. Split the bone lengthwise. 3. Examine the bone and locate the following structures: a. Tendon – Examine the attachment of the muscles to bone. In most cases, the long ropelike attachment is a tendon and is composed of dense regular connective tissue. b. Periosteum This thin membrane covers the outside of the bone. c. Articular cartilage Note this thin layer of cartilage covering the epiphysis. d. Marrow cavity This hollow cavity in the diaphysis of the bone is lines with a thin membrane called the endosteum. e. Spongy bone This type of bone is located in the ends or epiphyses of the bone and appears to be open with small spicules or bars. f. Compact bone Makes up the shaft or diaphysis of the bone. Questions 1. How does spongy bone differ from compact bone? What differences did you see in the appearance of the spongy bone and compact bone? What color was the spongy bone? 2. How does cartilage differ from bone? How did each one feel when pierced with the knife? 3. How did the periosteum and endosteum differ in thickness? 4. Was the bone marrow yellow, red, green or blue? 5. What type of cartilage makes up the articular cartilage? 6. How did the articular cartilage differ in appearance from the spongy bone? 7. What color was the tendon? What substance gives it strength? 8. How did the raw bone differ in appearance from the baked bone in the other experiment? Note: Chicken may be contaminated with Salmonella. Wear gloves when possible during handling and wash hands thoroughly at the conclusion of your work!! Note: There are questions that will tell me if you did the dissection as I asked. If you miss these questions, you will receive no credit for the dissection.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Assignment - Essay Example verage of mean score given by peers to students from private schools is higher than that of students from public schools as far as values are concerned. However, further comments can only be made after application of advanced statistical tools like hypothesis testing which may help to reveal if there is any significant statistical difference between the average score from two populations (public and private schools). According to Jain and Sandhu, skewness is the measure of asymmetry in the distribution of population and tells if the mean, mode and median are equal and quartiles are at equal distance from median (3.2). The distribution pattern of the data as seen from the histogram revealed that scores given by peers to both the public schools and private schools are moderately positively skewed having skewness of 0.934 and 0.754 respectively. This suggests that the data is not evenly distributed on both sides of the mean for both public and private schools. The positive skewness conf irmed that majority of the students both from public and private schools were given mean score by peers less than or on the average score and very few were given scores higher than the average. Looking at the distribution pattern between the two histograms, we see that number of students that scored higher than average score is greater for private schools than the public schools. The box plot for the mean score given by peers revealed that there were four outliers for public schools and three outliers from private schools towards the upper side of box plot. This suggested that nearly equal number of students from public and private were given outstanding score by peers (closer to 5). According to Cook and Upton, median divide the order population data into two groups whereas quartiles divide the population into four groups with first quartile (lowest 25%), second quartile (lowest 50%) and third quartile indicating lowest 75% of the population group (53). In this section, statistical

McCabe on Faith and Reason Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McCabe on Faith and Reason - Essay Example Indeed, Christianity or Islam operate with rather complex notions and require their followers to have a strong faith. In this paper I will argue that Herbert McCabe fails to draw a good connection between faith and reason because his arguments are too ambiguous. This represents the major drawback of his position when it comes to explaining what role the latter plays in the former. In order to demonstrate this, I will first explore his position on the connection between faith and reason; then pay attention to the merits of it and, afterwards, put emphasis on the deficiencies that can be found in it. To begin with, it may be particularly important to outline the view of McCabe on the way faith and reason are connected. He points out that there are two extreme positions when it comes to faith: on the one hand, some might argue that to practice it one should not have any reasons at all which means that faith is above any reasoning; on the other hand, others are firm in that their faith can hardly be disproved logically. The scholar notes that true understanding of faith lies somewhere in between as â€Å"the first extreme makes the notion of truth inapplicable. The other makes the notion of faith inapplicable† (McCabe 5). In addition McCabe notes that people who dismiss the importance of the relationship between faith and reasons fail to â€Å"take sufficiently seriously the point that faith means holding something as true – they think of faith as more an act of courage or trust in a very general sense† (McCabe 6). So, he proves that it is essential to make th is relationship clear. There are several merits of such an approach. First of all, McCabe shows that faith should not be perceived as some kind of a metaphysical knowledge that is beyond common sense and is incompatible with logic. Quite the opposite, he draws several examples, as in the case of marrying for money, which show that faith is a rather difficult complex and any

Comparing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Comparing - Essay Example They argue for urgent international agreements on limiting such publications and making the requirement of such verifiable data in publications restricted to the higher authorities. The arguments sound valid, since it refers to the possibilities of mass destruction if such data ends up in the wrong hands. History has taught us that this could be the case, if proper precautionary measures are not taken. Ray Kurzweil’s talk titled ‘The Coming Singularity’ deals with a similar topic. He reflects on the possibility of the reverse engineering of the human brain. He feels that the pace at which computer technology develops is phenomenal, and in the coming years, there will be machines that are superior to human beings. It won’t be an extra-terrestrial invasion that we will have to deal with in the future, but an invasion that comes of our on inventions that replace the human brain, complete with emotional intelligence. While this may have its good effects, one has to be aware of the downsides too. While computer technology grows exponentially, the possibilities of its related fields, like biotechnology misusing the developments to re-create a genome of a deadly virus and to use it as part of bio-terror exists. There has to be a system in place to fight any such possibilities, the way the software viruses are fought

Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago Assignment

Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago - Assignment Example Children Behavior Worse Than 10 Years Ago Here, we will talk about social behavior with special reference to children. It is obvious that nowadays a child’s behavior is worse than ten years ago. There is susceptibility that children are becoming more violent than ever before. The media shows extensive reports of children taking drugs and showing explicitly violent behavior. Where girls are indulging in premarital sex at a very early age (cause illegal abortions and increased rate of deaths). Children have less disciplined than the older times. There are many reasons for this turn down in children discipline, one of the most important and might even be the root cause of all the others is negligence and carelessness from parents’ side. Parental negligence has increased the risks of destructive factors, which have as a result damaged children’s sense of ethics, morality, and discipline. The other reasons include: Firstly, Parents are not being able to carryout their responsibilities for taking care of their children, parents criticize the importance of the family as the main source of the children’s primary socialization. Whereas the Sociologists agree that behavior can be learnt through a process called socialization (Schultz, 2012).There are two types of socialization. Primary and secondary, Primary socialization is quite different from secondary socialization, it occurs during the initial stages of development of a child. (Schultz, 2012). The child learns from his environment and surroundings in this stage. In this process child learns the kind of behavior that stimulates the approval or disapproval from the people around them that is mostly instant family unit. (Schultz, 2012). So, it is therefore important for a child to learn and adapt the right things, likely from their family members (Richardson, 2005). Unfortunately, parents are there to accomplish this important process. (Schultz, 2012). Furthermore, it is very common in U.S. that children faced the breakup of their p arents in childhood and brought up in broken families; they have passed through intense depressions and tensions of living apart from their parents (Schultz, 2012). In addition, even if parents keep their children with them, they have not heeded proper attention and guidance on them, which is very important. Secondly, Parents do not prepare their children on how to cope with the manners in which society asks and demands today. They do not teach them moral and social ethics. They leave them to learn by their own, either from the media or from internet. That is why, it is considered to be essential for â€Å"personal independence† which has become widespread in the public area. And experts emphasize that these behaviors are, to some extent, a â€Å"reflection of their own changing perspective of authority and authority figures† .Infect the way in which people have asked the motives of the people belonging to different fields e.g. lawyers, doctors, politicians has been so exceptional when compared to the way parents have done ten or some years ago . The Generation Y wishes to be taught on how to be â€Å"Generation Why?† without being discourteous (Children, n.d). Thirdly, the schools which, also play a vital role in children’ development. Parents put in their trust and give the responsibility of fostering their children, have done nothing but to increased the children’s rational insight (Schultz, 2012). Since the schools are not being able at forming the children’

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean weekly reflection Assignment

The Anthropology of Latin America and the Caribbean weekly reflection - Assignment Example n, Jewish, Buddhist, Hindu, Baha’i, Islamic, Protestant, Evangelical and indigenous religions and denominations exist in Latin America and the Caribbean (Harry, 184). The way of life of Latin Americans and the Caribbean varies greatly from one part of the region to another given the many ethnic groupings and different ancestries. Additionally, the author writes that various Afro-Latin American practices such as Macumba and Santeria are prevalent among Latin Americans and the Caribbean. Particularly, evangelism is an incessantly increasing practice in the Latin American and Caribbean religion. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean experiences several health challenges. In the view of Harry, he notes that the main health challenge in the region is the persistent high maternal and infant mortality rates (Harry, 211). There are diarrheal and respiratory diseases. In addition, the author points out vaccine-preventable infections as one of the leading causes of deaths in the region. Further, there are drug resistant infectious agents. Food and drugs are inadequate supply is another health issue. Harry further notes that health personnel have increasingly emigrated from the region, impeding the efforts to make healthcare services satiable. These health problems are under surveillance and responsible governments are working on making the health condition of the citizens of the countries in the region better. Harry notes that Latin America and the Caribbean region are so diverse that it holds various cuisines which vary from nation to another. One of the most cherished dishes in the region is maize-based cuisine. Tamales, pupusas and tortillas are the most popular of the maize dishes. In addition, Harry notes that salsas and other condiments such as pico de gallo, mole and guacamole are also popular. Although the spices give the Latin American cuisine the characteristic, unique taste they have, different countries use different spices. Even those nations that

Introduction of research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Introduction of - Research Paper Example The paper is going to examine and discuss the function of aniline substituents by looking into the intensities of SERS of different anilines in gold and silver colloids by utilizing a Raman spectrometer which has a 785 nm excitation wavelength. The Chemical Enhancement factors of the Surface Enhanced Raman and detection limits for aniline and its mono- and di-substituted meta derivatives are established and comparisons made. The inductive impacts of withdrawal of electrons as a result of substituents and the steric needs of chemical adsorption influence the strength of signals of different vibrational modes of the aromatic ring and amino group. By utilizing the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the level of improvement is also linked to the ways of setting up the silver and gold colloids, which are characterized by exploring the structural morphology of the nanoparticle and its level of aggregation. Introduction: What is Raman Effect? Raman scattering or Raman Effect is the ine lastic scattering of photons from an atom or a molecule (Sur, 2010). It was discovered by a well known Indian physicist C V Raman in the year 1928. Generally, most photons are elastically scattered from an atom or a molecule, with the scattered photons having the same energy and wavelength as the incident photons (Sur, 2010). This phenomenon is known as ‘Rayleigh scattering’ and it accounts for the blue color of the sky (Sur, 2010). There is however a difference in frequency between the scattered photons and the incident photons. This physicist discovered the Raman Effect as he was working on the molecular diffraction of light and observed this effect in liquid. The Other Russian scientists Gregory Landsberg and Leonid Mandelstam first observed this effect in crystals (Sur, 2010). Raman won the Nobel Prize in 1930 for his work on inelastic scattering of photons. The history of SERS SERS was discovered accidentally in 1974 as people attempted to perform Raman on the elec trode with an original idea of generating a high surface area on that extremely roughened metal. With time, people realized that the surface area was not the fundamental point on this arena. Periodical searches were made in the dark, which led to progress in 1977 when different groups found out that the rough silver electrode can produce a Raman spectrum that is a million fold more intense than what was expected (Ferraro, 1994). The huge signal confirmed surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). SERS have recently overcome the disadvantage of the small cross section of Raman spectroscopy completely, and therefore can be utilized to study the single molecule spectroscopy (Ferraro, 1994). Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has experienced renaissance recently in its development as a result of the remarkable discovery of single molecule SERS (SMSERS). This has also led to the explosion of interest in nanophotonics and plasmonics (Dieringer, 2005). Since excitation of the locali zed surface Plasmon resonance (LSPR) of a nanostructured surface or nanoparticle Is centered at the heart of SERS, it is vital to have in control all of the factors influencing the LSPR with an aim to maximize signal strength and ensure reproducibility (Dieringer, 2005)